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sensory
midterm
91
Science
Graduate
02/29/2012

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Term
what is sensory evaluation
Definition
a scientific discipline used to evoke, measure, analyze and interpret those responses to products that are perceived by the senses of sight, smell, touch, taste and hearing.
Term
Discrimination testing
Definition
are two products dfferent?
20-30ppl
screened for acuity
triangle, duo-trio, paired comparison
Term
Triangle
Definition
33% chance of guessing
Term
Duo trio
Definition
50% chance of guessing
Term
Paired comparison
Definition
which one is sweeter? 50 % chance of guessing
Term
Descriptive testing
Definition
how do products differ in all sensory attributes
8-12 people= trained, motivated
ANOVA btwn means
Term
Consumer acceptance testing
Definition
are products liked?
75-150 consumers
screened for product use
Term
9 point hedonic points are placed
Definition
at psychological intervals
Term
Central dogma of sensory
Definition
- the sensory test method chosen must fit the objectives of the research question
-appropriate panelists must be chosen
Term
Sensory testing
Definition
separates hedonic and descriptive info
-use representative consumers for quality
-trained panelists DO NOT specify liking
-Rand D oriented
Term
Quality testing
Definition
Provides quality score and diagnosis
-trained experts
-product knowledge of standard products are key
-widely used, QC
Term
methods of sensory test
Definition
-blinded
-provide minimal info->minimal bias
-so sensory properties meet targets??
-expectations are very broad
Term
Market research testing
Definition
-expectations are explicit
-cannot measure appeal w/o bias
Term
MEchanics of good practice for sensory test
Definition
Blind product samples
-independent judgements
Term
Sensory testing booths and set up
Definition
-minimize outside influence
-bias free labels, random order, counter balanced
Term
Good practice for a test
Definition
- clean,
-minimize distraction
-blind test
prevent carry over
provide water
limit number of samples
motivate panelists
panelists must understand the ballot
Term
psychophysics
Definition
branch of experimental psychology devoted to quanitfying the relationships between energy in the enviornment and sensory response.
Term
webers law
Definition
change in I / I = K

Change in I=change in intensity required for 1 JND
I= absolute intensity
K- constant- different for stimulus
Term
SS stevens developed
Definition
magnitude estimation
Term
magnitude estimation
Definition
judgements are proportional to sensation intensity, using rations
-linear relationship when plotted log-log
Term
Describe the value of N in a power function
Definition
when n>1, steep slope
when n=1- slope =1
when n<1- not a steep of a slope
Term
descriptive statistics
Definition
used to describe the data
Term
inferental statistics-
Definition
used to infer from a population
-parametric- ttest, ANOVA
non parametric- binomial, chi square, ranks
Term
measures of dispersion
Definition
range, variance, standard deviation
Term
one tailed vs two tailed
Definition
is there only one correct answer or two?
Term
type 1 error
Definition
you reject the null hypothesis, when there is nothing there
alpha
Term
type 2 error
Definition
fail to reject the hypothesis, when there is something there but you didnt find it
beta
Term
use a F ratio to
Definition
for a treatment design that is significant to find out which of the means are different
-tukeys
Term
power equation
Definition
power=1-beta
Term
duo trio
Definition
which sample A or B matches the refernce
Term
ABX test
Definition
given 2 refernces A and B, does the sample match reference A or B
Term
difference tests needs___ people and similarity test needs___ people.
Definition
differences 20-40
similarity- 50-100
Term
how to avoid type 2 error
Definition
- maintain proper experimental control
-reduce sources of error
-make sure panelists can descriminate
Term
Four approaches to equivalence and similarity
Definition
1. common sense approach
2.test power approach
3.significant similarity
4. interval testing/TOST
Term
Common sense approach
Definition
use no significant difference under specific conditions
-use an established method
-used a screened panel
-cross validation
Term
test power approach
Definition
accept the null hypothesis, but with known power and sufficient amount of people
- this safe quards against type 2 error
Term
Descriminator theory
Definition
set a limit on maximum of descriminators and set beta to find out the number of panelists you need to recruit
Term
Assumptions to descriminator theory
Definition
1- there are 2 kindsof subjects
descriminators- who recognize a difference
non descriminators- peope who guess
2-non dicriminators include people who
guess correctly and guess incorrectly
3-the total numer correct is the sum of the discriminators plus the correctly guessing non discriminators
Term
Equations for descriminator theory
Definition
C=D+(1/3)Dnon
C=D+(1/3)(N-D)
Term
power calculation for discriminator theory
Definition
is based on Z values for alpha and beta and divided by probability of chance, and 1-probablity of chance

-correct for chance
Term
finding Pa for power calculations - quessing correctly
Definition
Pa= Pchance+ Pd(1-Pchance)
Term
significant similarity
Definition
use abbotts formual to determine upper limit
1-set limit for descriminators
2-translate into expected % correct
#3 calculate 95% CI for observed calue
Term
Interval testing/ TOST
Definition
- borrowed from FDA bioequivalence guidelines
-set interval for parameters to be considered equal
-break interval of interest into 2 seperate tests
-compare measured effect to both upper and lower bound
Term
odor units
Definition
odorant concentration present/ odorant threshold concentration
Term
Signal detection threshold
Definition
Term
hit
Definition
when the singal is presented and you say its a signal
Term
miss
Definition
when ithe signal is presented and you say its the blank
Term
correct rejection
Definition
the blank is given and you say it is the blank
Term
False alarm
Definition
when the blank is given and the you say it is the signal.
Term
lax criterion
Definition
say yes a lot, a lot false alarms, and little misses
Term
strict criterion
Definition
say no a lot, little false alarms but also a lot of misses
Term
nominal data
Definition
items are placed in groups, do not have a quantitative relationship
Term
ordinal data
Definition
items placed into groups that are apart of an ordered series
Grades:
Term
Interval data
Definition
itemsa re placed into numbered groups
separated by a constant interval
1,2,3,4
temperature
zero is NOT meaningful
Term
ratio data
Definition
numers repersent a constant ration between fixed points
length weight, distnace
the number zero is MEaningful!
Term
cross modality matching
Definition
rate the quality of a taste to the loudness of sound
Term
LMS the labels are
Definition
quasi-logarithmic spacing
Term
the adjective scales are____
Definition
elastic
Term
Bias
Definition
any systematic tendency that causes responses to be an in accurate reflection of subjective sensation intensities differences or mafnitude
Term
context effect
Definition
the same concentration- but give different ratings
40F in summer vs 40 F in witner
Term
range effects
Definition
subject spread judgements along the available scale range often with about equal spacing
Term
frequency effects
Definition
subjects use the available response catedfories and eual number of times
Term
common range effects
Definition
psychophysics functions are flatter in wide ranges and steeper in short ranges
Term
error of anticipation
Definition
stopping too soon in optimization
Term
shifts in odor quality
Definition
terpenes smell more woody or citrus depending on other smells during the day
Term
halo effect
Definition
when one positive attribute of a product influences another unrelated attributes in a positive direction
(vanillin in milk)
Term
dumping effect
Definition
if consumers are not asked about a particularly salien attribute on a questionaire they tend to voice their opinin on anohter available scale
Term
SMURF
Definition
sensory modality unit for recording flux
-time intensity
Term
tastes can
Definition
pass through ion channels
bind to and block ion channels
bind to g-protein coupled receptors
Term
sour, salt
Definition
ion channels
Term
umami, sweet, bitter
Definition
g-protein
Term
bitter
Definition
T2Rs
Term
Sweet
Definition
T1R2 and T1R3( same as umami)
Term
Umami
Definition
T1R1 and T1R3 (same as sweet)
Term
adaptation
Definition
-is decrease in response under conditions of constant stimulus
-taste adaptaion is seen with a stable stimulus
Term
cross adaptation
Definition
effect of adaptation of one stubstance on another
-if two subsatnces cross-adapt, they suse the same taste receptor
Term
release from suppression
Definition
adapt out a compound in a mixture by eexposing it before the presentation of the mixture. The compound rating will go way down and the pther compound in the mixure will go up
Term
aroma
Definition
most of wat we taste is actually being sensed by olfactory cells with in the nasal cavity
Term
anosmia-
Definition
inability to smell
Term
OR7D4
Definition
gene for the ability of smelling androstenone- boar tant
Term
chemesthesis
Definition
a chemically initiated event which elicits a somatosensory response
Term
ophithalmic
Definition
eyes forehead scalp
Term
maxillary
Definition
teeth gums upper lip
Term
mandibular
Definition
molar + sensory fibers
Term
taste occurs with in_____ which chemosthetic takes ______
Definition
taste- seconds
chemosthetic- minutes
Term
mustard garlic cinnamon
Definition
TRPA1
Term
menthol
Definition
TRPM8
Term
astingency is caused by
Definition
hydrogen bonding
hydrophobic interactions
acid-protein interactions
direct effects on oral epithelial cells
Term
h bonding in mouth
Definition
-OH of tannins and carbonyl or N- in peptide of salivary protiens
Term
precipation
Definition
protein coils around polyphenol
polyphenols in protein- phenol complex cross-link
triggers them to aggregate--> precipiated
Term
more astringent
Definition
less haze, more protein? ? ?
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