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Sensory Reception
Physio exam 2
21
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
03/17/2012

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Term
chemoreceptors

photoreceptors
Definition
chemicals

light
Term
thermoreceptors

Mechanoreceptors
Definition
temperature

deformation of a cell membrane
Term
nociceptors

proprioceptors
Definition
pain adverse stimuli

position of limbs in space
Term
barareceptors
Definition
pressure
Term
tonic adaptation
Definition
fire at a continuous rate as long as unchanging stimulus is applied
(holding your arm out)
Term
phasic adaptation
Definition
fire at a decreasing rate as long as an unchanging stimulus applied
(being unaware that your clothes are touching you)
Term
Law of specific nerve energies
Definition
-each sensory neuron responds to its normal stimulus
-the stimulus they are designed for they are most sensitive to
-it takes little of the stimuli to get them to go
Term
receptor potentials
Definition
generator potentials
depolarizations triggered by an environmental stimulus
is the stimuli is strong enough, depolarization will reach threshold and an action potential will be triggered.
Term
receptor fields
Definition
area in which a stimulus will trigger a receptor
Term
receptive fields
density vs size
Definition
density of fields is inversely proportional to the size, the bigger the area the less sensitive
the smaller the fields the more receptors in a given area
Term
two point touch threshold
Definition
indicator of tactile acuity
minimum distance that 2 points of tough on the skin are still perceived as two
Term
lateral inhibitions
Definition
using interneurons, sensory neurons most stimulated will inhibit surrounding sensory neurons
a method to increase sensitivity and discrimination in the CNS
Term
taste
Definition
chemoreceptors detect chemicals, best detected if there is spit so the chemicals can dissolve.
Term
taste buds
Definition
gustatory cells
composed of specialized epithelial cells than can depolarize and release transmitter
Term
taste sensation cranial nerves
Definition
facial-anterior 2/3 of tongue
glossopharyngeal-posterior 1/3 of tongue
Term
Sweet Umami and Bitter tastes
Definition
large molecules
can't enter the cell they bind to a membrane receptor these cause G proteins to disassociate, they use second messengers.
Term
salt and sour tastes
Definition
H and Na ions enter the cell-causes depolarization opens Ca channels Ca goes in NT released causes gust here to stimulated
Term
two weird taste buds
Definition
Umami-chicken/association taste buds
Water... Don't forget water!
Term
smell
Definition
receptors composed of dendritic ends of millions of bipolar cells
smell doesn't go to the thalamus
Term
property of smell receptors
Definition
have the ability to replace themselves
also G-protien coupled (many Gs per receptors)
also use 2nd messenger system
Term
olfactory epithelium
Definition
located on roof of nasal cavity
olfactory neurons pass through the cribiform plate
project directly to cortex of olfactory bulb
info projected to medial temporal lobe, and portions of limbic system
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