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Matter is composed of small particles called ATOMS. These particles always combined in whole number ratios and were therfore indivisible.
Modern periodic table arrangement by ATOMIC NUMBER.
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1st periodic table arrangement in "grid" format.
Arrangement was by WEIGHT.
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| Inventor of the cathode ray tube and discovered (-) charged particles called CATHODE RAYS. |
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Inventor of the SPECTROSCOPE.
Discovered Emmission or Bright - Line spectra. |
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Used a highly modified cathode ray tube to discovered the ELECTRON.
Measured the RATIO of mass to charge in an electron.
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Gold foil experiment. First to experiment on the structure of the atom.
A = Hard impenetrable center called the nucleus. B = Atom is mostly empty space C = Nucleus has a (+) charge, same as an alpha particle |
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Added the concept of 7 ENERGY LEVELS to the Rutherford solar system model of the atom. Also explained Bright-line & absorbtion spectra by electrons changing energy levels.
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| Uncertainity Principle. The exact position of an electron cannot be known all the time, due to the electron size and speed. Beginnings of the statistical model of the atom. Also was leader of the Nazi project to construct an atomic weapon during WWII. |
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| Developed the statistical model of the atom to include areas of high electron probability called ORBITALS. |
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| Exclusion principle (2 electrons maximum per orbital shape...) and the concept of electron spin or full -vs- partial orbitals. |
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OIL DROP EXPERIMENT: which measured the values for the mass and charge of the electron.
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| Hund's Rule: Orbitals are created before they are filled... |
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| "Pudding Cake" or "Raisin Bun" model of the atom. The atoms were solid, but had electrons embedded in them (like fruit in a fruit-cake). |
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