Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Semester 1 Midterm
Chapters 1-6; Prehistoric, Ancient Near East, Ancient Egyptian, Ancient Aegan, Ancient Greek, and Etruscan and Roman art
193
Art History
11th Grade
09/26/2013

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Woman from Willendorf

Paleolithic

 

perhaps pregnant woman's view of own body

originally Venus of Willendorf

Austria

Term
[image]
Definition

Woman from Brassempouy

Paleolithic

 

abstract

memory image

Term
[image]
Definition

Hall of Bulls

Paleolithic

 

Lascaux Cave, France

Term
[image]
Definition

Stonehenge

Neolithic

 

complex

made by human compass

Center of 5 sandstone trilithons

Term
[image]
Definition

Votive Statue of Gudea

Neo-Sumerian

 

made of diorite

Term
[image]
Definition

Nanna Ziggurat

Neo-Sumerian

 

dedicated to moon god Nanna (Sin)

Term
[image]
Definition

Human-Headed Winged Lion (Lamassu)

Assyrian

Term
[image]
Definition

Stele of Naram-Sin

Akkadian

 

shows religious and political authority

military battle

hieratic scaling

horned helmet

Term
[image]
Definition

Stele of Hammurabi

Babylonian

 

political and religious authority

Term
[image]
Definition

Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions

Assyrian

 

shift from timeless solemnity to dramatic

Term
[image]
Definition

Assurbanipal and Queen in Garden

Assyrian

Term
[image]
Definition

Citadel and Palace Complex of Sargon II

Assyrian

 

includes palace complex on raised platform

courtyard lined with narative relief panels

lamassu at entrances

Term
[image]
Definition

Ishtar Gate

Neo-Babylonian

 

glazed brick

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute

Persian

 

relief on starcase leading to Apadana of Darius and Xerxes in Persepolis/Parsa

Term
[image]
Definition

Palette of King Narmer

Predynastic Period

 

composite pose

wears both white crown of Upper Egypt and red crown of Lower Egypt

Term
[image]
Definition

Menkaure and a Queen

Old Kingdom

 

unfinished, perhaps because death

Term
[image]
Definition

Head of Senusret III

Middle Kingdom

 

shows as preoccupied and tired, not perfect

Term
[image]
Definition

Temple of Hatshepsut

New Kingdom

 

axial plan

Term
[image]
Definition

Akhenaten and Family

New Kingdom

Amarna Style

 

deviates from conventions with elongated shaved heads, etc

fidgety children and loving parents rather than detatched serenity

Term
[image]
Definition

Colossol Figure of Akhenaten

New Kingdom

Amarna Style

 

androgynous

Term
[image]
Definition

Queen Tiy

New Kingdom

Amarna Style

 

Akhenaten's mother

included silver funerary headdress with gold cobras and jowelry but covered in cap later

Term
[image]
Definition

Temple of Ramses II

New Kingdom

Term
[image]
Definition

Palace at Knossos, Crete

Minoan Old Palace Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Bull Leaping, Knossos

Minoan New Palace Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Girl Gathering Saffron Crocus Flowers

Minoan New Palace Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Bull's Head Rhyton

Minoan New Palace Period

Term
[image]
Definition

Vapheio Cup

Mycenaean

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Funerary Krater

Geometric

Term
[image]
Definition

Metropolitan Kouros

Archaic

Term
[image]
Definition

Peplos Kore

Archaic

Term
[image]
Definition

Suicide of Ajax

Exekias

Archaic

Term
[image]
Definition

Spear Bearer

Polykleitos

Early Classical

Term
[image]
Definition

Apollo Battling Lapiths and Centaurs

Early Classical

Term
[image]
Definition

Parthenon

High Classical

Term
[image]
Definition

Erechtheion (south porch with maidens)

High Classical

Term
[image]
Definition

Nike Adjusting Her Sandal, Temple of Athena Nike

High Classical

Term
[image]
Definition

Stele of Hegeso

High Classical

Term
[image]
Definition

Hermes and Infant Dionysos

Prasiteles

Late Classical

Term
[image]
Definition

The Man Scraping Himself

Lysippos

Late Classical

Term
[image]
Definition

Dying Gallic Trumpeter

Hellenitic

Term
[image]
Definition

Athena Attacking Giants (Pergamon frieze)

Hellenistic

Term
[image]
Definition

Laocoon and Sons

Hellenistic

Term
[image]
Definition

Nike of Samothrace

Hellenistic

Term
[image]
Definition

Apollo

Master Sculptor Vulca?

Etruscan

 

made of Terra Cotta

placed on roof of temple

Term
[image]
Definition

Reclining Couple on Sarcophagus, Cerveteri Sarcophagus

Etruscan

Term
[image]
Definition

Portrait Head of an Elder

Republican

 

Term
[image]
Definition

PeristyleGarden, House of Vettii Pompeii

Early Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

 Imperial Procession (Ara Pacis)

Early Empire

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Wall Painting in the Ixion Room, House of the Vettii, Pompeii

Early Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

Allegory of Pax (Ara Pacis)

Early Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

Arch of Titus

Early Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

Spoils from Temple of Solomon (Arch of Titus)

Early Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

Basilica Ulpia

High Imperial

 

architect Apollodorusof Damascus

in courtyard of Trajan's Forum

nave flanked by double rows of columns

clerestory

2 apses where judges resided during court

Term
[image]
Definition

Column of Trajan

High Imperial

 

celebrates Trajan's victory over Dacians

 

Term
[image]
Definition

The Canal (Reflecting Pool) at Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli

High Imperial

 

includes copies of the caryatids of Erechtion

Term
[image]
Definition

Pantheon

High Imperial

 

temple to all Olympian gods

built under Hadrian

coffers, oculus and exedrae for interior decoration 

Term
[image]
Definition

Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius

High Imperial

 

saved bc thought to be Constantine during Middle Ages

Term
[image]
Definition

Commodus as Achilles

High Imperial

Term
[image]
Definition

Commodus

High Imperial

Term
[image]
Definition

Caracalla

Late Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

Philip the Arab

Late Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

Tetrarchs

Late Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

Arch of Constantine

Late Empire

 

celebrates Constantine's victory over Masentius for rule of the Western Empire

pieces from previous works used

Term
[image]
Definition

Constantine the Great

Late Empire

 

in Basilica Nova

power, dignity and perfection

Term
Atrium
Definition
central courtyard
Term
Colonnade
Definition
row of columns
Term
stucco
Definition
slow-drying, easily molded and carved plaster
Term
plebians
Definition
lower class
Term
verism
Definition
realism, usually seen in older portraits
Term
arcade
Definition
succession of arches
Term
engaged column
Definition
half-columns set into a wall
Term
mausoleum
Definition
monumental tomb
Term
oligarchy
Definition

government ruled by a small number of aristocrats

ie. The Roman Republic

Term
cameo
Definition
gemstone carved in low relief
Term
triumphial arch
Definition
free-standing arch celebrating a triumph with relief and inscriptions
Term
basilica
Definition
large, rectangular building with a large interior space used by the government
Term
apse
Definition
rounded extention at the end of a building
Term
coffers
Definition
sunken panels
Term
veneer
Definition
covering of a building
Term
tetrarchy
Definition

"rule of four"

form of government where area divided into four quarters

2 Augustuses and 2 Caesars

Term
Villanovans
Definition

came to Italy from Europe around 1000BCE

est. a culture

before the Etruscans

Term
Height of Etruscan power during
Definition
7th and 6th centuries BCE
Term
Etruscan civilization lasted about
Definition

450 yrs

700-250 BCE

Term
mood of Etruscan tombs and funerary objects
Definition

joyful and lively

believed in a happy afterlife

view of death became fearful and uncertain in later times

Term
Etruscan temples made of
Definition
tufa, mud brick and wood
Term
Vitruvius
Definition
man who wrote about architecture during Etruscan times
Term
Greek vs Etruscan temples
Definition

Greek temple:

made of stone and/or marble

Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian order columns

stereobate

larger interior space

 

Etruscan temple:

made of tufa, mud-brick, and wood

Tuscan order columns

single set of stairs

porch and interior space even sized

Term
Etruscan Apollo vs Greek Anavysos Kouros
Definition

both have well-developed bodies and the archaic smile

 

Apollo

covered in rippling robe

forward moving, dynamic pose

 

Anavysos Kouros

nude

rigid, unmoving pose

Term
Tuscan order is a modified form of the Greek...
Definition
Doric order
Term
Composite order is a variation of the Greek...
Definition
Ionic and Corinthian orders
Term
[image]
Definition

"Head of a Man"

known as "Brutus"

Etruscan

showed maled features that would later be revered by Romans: seriousness, strength of character, and wisdom

Term
Roman temples vs Greek Temples
Definition

Greek temple:

stereobate

post-and-lintel columns all around temple

guests invited to explore whole temple

 

Roman temple:

single set of stairs

includes engaged columns

focus on interior space

Term
religion during Roman Republican period
Definition

Greek gods, myths and belief in state religion

deified emperors

official religion a political duty

many Romans adopted "mystery religions" of the people they conquered (worship of Isis from Egypt, Judasm and Christianity, Cybele from Anatolia, etc) despite government efforts to suppress them

Term

Keystone?

Voussoir?

Impost?

Peir?

Definition
[image]
Term

Spandrel?

Extrados?

Intrados?

Definition
[image]
Term
Bay?
Definition
[image]
Term
[image]
Definition
buttress
Term
[image]
Definition
piers
Term

Tuscan order:

Conice?

Frieze?

Architrave?

Entablature?

Definition
[image]
Term
[image]
Definition

Porta Augusta

Etruscan

Term
[image]
Definition

Pompey the Great

Republican

Term
[image]
Definition

Aulus Metellus

Republican

Term
[image]
Definition

Pont du Gard

Nimes, France

Republican

Term
[image]
Definition

Temple (of Portunus?)

Republican

 

near Tiber river in Rome- place where Romulus and Remus were abandoned

Term
[image]
Definition

Augustus of Primaporta

Early Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

Ara Pacis Augustae

aka. Altar of Augustan Peace

Early Empire

Term
mare nostrum
Definition

"our sea"

refers to Mediterranean

Term
Octavian later called
Definition
Augustus, then Pontifex Maximus
Term
[image]
Definition

Gemma Augustea

Early Empire

 

onyx cameo

Augustus as Jupiter, eagle

Livia as personification of Rome

glorifies Augustus' triumph over barbarians

Term
[image]
Definition

Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus, Pompeii

Early Empire


shows initiation rites that occured in private homes, special buildings, and temples

background of"Pompeian Red"

in Villa of the Mysteries


Term
[image]
Definition

Flavian Amphitheater

aka Colosseum

Early Empire

 

1st century CE

called an arena because "arena" in Latin is sand and floors were covered in sand to mask blood

Term
[image]
Definition

Young Flavian Woman

Early Empire

Term
[image]
Definition

Middle Aged Flavian Woman

Early Empire

Term
triblinium
Definition
office/reception room in a Roman house where portrait busts were displayed
Term
[image]
Definition

Main Hall, Trajan's Market

High Imperial

Term
[image]
Definition

Commodus as Hercules

High Imperial

 

Commodus was egotistical

believed himself to be incarnations of Hercules and Jupiter

Term
[image]
Definition

Sarcophagus with the Indian Triumph of Dionysus

High Imperial

Term
Trajan
Definition

Emperor of Roman High Imperial period

Spanish-born Roman general

empire reached greated territorial expanse during rule

Trajan's forum with market and Basilica Ulpia

column of Trajan

Term
Hadrian
Definition

well-educated and widely traveled High Imperial emperor

imposed far-reaching social, governmental and military reforms

Pantheon

Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli

Term
Column of Trajan as propaganda
Definition

Trajan portrayed as a strong, stable and efficient commander of a competent army

Enemies shown as worthy opponents, but were still defeated

Term
Pantheon built under
Definition
Hadrian
Term
Commodus
Definition

Egotistical High Imperial ruler

son of Marcus Aurelius

no political, administrative or intellectual skill

ruined the government his predecessors had built

sponsored great art

Term
The column of Trajan was inspired by this ancient structure
Definition
Egyptian obelisk
Term
Emperor who devised the Tetrarchy system
Definition
Diocletian
Term
[image]
Definition

Baths of Caracalla 

Late Empire

Term
[image][image]
Definition

Audience Hall of Constantine Chlorus

aka "The Basilica"

Late Empire

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine

aka "Basilica Nova"

Late Empire

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Priestess of Bacchus

Late Empire

 

diptych of Symmachus and Nicomachus

Term
Edict of Milan
Definition

allowed religious freedom

issued by Constantine and Licinius

313CE

ended Christian persecution

Term
Dolmen
Definition

simple type of megalith tomb

chamber formed of huge upright stones

Term
henge
Definition
circle of stones and posts
Term
cromlech
Definition
megalith structure
Term
scientific theory about how human populations spread throughout the world
Definition

Africa to

Asia to

Europe to 

Australia and the Americas

Term

This piece of ocher was used as...


[image]

Definition
tool for applying color
Term
Paleolithic tools like hand-axes were created through this process
Definition
carving
Term

 

How were the painted hands created?


 

[image]

Definition
painters chewed up charcoal or ocher to dilute it with saliva and then blew it onto the wall, using thier hands as stencils
Term
Modern scholars began a systematic study of prehistory about...
Definition
200 yrs ago
Term
Neolithic architecture and marine art found in an ancient fishing community in...
Definition
Serbia
Term
Neolithic figurines were produced from which primary medium?
Definition
plaster
Term
Earlist examples of Neolithic ceramic pottery were from 12,000 BCE in which region?
Definition
Japan
Term
How did the Ancient Near East influence the Egyptians?
Definition

Cuneiform->Hieroglyphs

Ziggurats->Stepped Pyramid

Polytheism

Hieratic Scaling 

Use of registers

Use of symbols to represent other things or ideas

Term
Stele
Definition
upright stone slab
Term
cuneiform
Definition
wedge-shaped symbols
Term
stylus
Definition
pointed writing instument
Term
inlaid
Definition
small pieces of material set in to a larger background
Term
citadel
Definition
walled fortress
Term
lamassus
Definition
giant guardian figures
Term
Alabaster
Definition
Fine, white stone
Term
Modern-day country that is in Mesopotamia?
Definition
Iraq
Term
Akkadian king known as "King of the Four Quarters of the World"
Definition
Sargon
Term
Sarcophagus
Definition
stone coffin
Term
ankh
Definition
looped cross symbolizing everlasting life
Term
scarab beetle
Definition
bug symbolizing creation, resurrection, and the rising sun
Term
ka
Definition
one's life force/soul that lives on after physical death
Term
mastaba
Definition

flat, one-story building with slanted walls erected above underground burial chamber

[image]

Term
serdab
Definition
small, sealed room in mastaba with ka statue and chapel for mourning relatives and offerings
Term
Necropolis
Definition
"city of the dead"
Term
clerestory
Definition
row of tall, narrow windows in upper walls
Term
papyrus
Definition
plant that becomes thick paper-like material
Term
scribe
Definition

writer

Egyptian scribes wrote on papyrus with a reed brush

Term
Canon of Proportions
Definition

ideal system used in Middle Kingdom pictoral relief

grid was used to create exact proportions

Term
pylon
Definition
large gateway with tapering walls
Term
peristyle court
Definition

semi-public courtyard surrounded by columns 

open to sky

Term
hypostyle hall
Definition
vast hall filled with columns with roof
Term
axial plan
Definition
elements arranged along a dominant center line
Term
encaustic
Definition
hot, colored was
Term
sunken relief
Definition
relief with outlines deeply incised
Term
obelisk
Definition
tall, vertical column with a small pyramid on top
Term
Amenhotep IV
Definition

changed name to Akhenaten

founded new religion honoring Aten as single supreme god 

Abandoned Thebes and set up new capital called Akhetaten

did so bc thought priests for Amun temples in Thebes becoming too powerful

Amarna period

changed royal artistic conventions

maried to beautiful Nefertiti

Term
Tutankhamun
Definition

originally Tutankhaten

son of Akhenaten

returned Egypt to traditional religious beliefs and moved back to Thebes

well-preserved tomb and body give better insight into Egyptian funerary practices

Term
Ramses II
Definition

Powerful leader

great architecture

peace treaty with Hittites

main wife was Nefertari

Term
Great Sphinx created as a memorial to which Old Kingdom pharoh?
Definition
Khafre
Term
Funerary Complex of Khafre designed by
Definition
Imhotep
Term
military leader who was the first to lead archaeological expedition into Egypt
Definition
Napoleon Bonaparte
Term
Thoth
Definition

god of writing

sypically shown as an ibis

Term
Seth
Definition

god of chaos

disguised himself as a hippo

Term
pharoh literally means
Definition
great house
Term
bolti fish symbolizes
Definition
regeneration
Term
period that marked the height of egyptian power
Definition
old kingdom
Term
period where scrolls called "Books of the Dead" were made and placed in tombs
Definition
New Kingdom
Term
Period where Egypt began to expand its empire into Syria under Ramses II
Definition
New Kingdom
Term
Period where Egypt was conquered by Alexander the Great
Definition
Late Period
Term
Period in which mastabas were first constructed
Definition
Early Dynastic
Term
period in which ziggurats and votive figures were created
Definition
neo-sumerian
Term
period in which Inanna was worshipped as the goddess of fertility
Definition
Sumerian
Term
period that corresponds with a period of conflict between athens and sparta
Definition
high classical
Term
Sculptor in charge of renovating the Acropolis
Definition
Pheidias
Term
Lacoon and His Sons was made by
Definition
Hagesandros, Polydoros, and Athanadoros
Term
Agora
Definition
marketplace
Term
tholos
Definition
small, round building often used as tomb
Term
orthogonal plan
Definition

plan of greek cities

grid plan

Term
stoa
Definition
columned pavilion open on 3 sides
Term
tempera
Definition
opaque, water-based medium mixedwith glue or egg white
Supporting users have an ad free experience!