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science
science year 9 flashcards
18
Science
9th Grade
05/02/2017

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Term
element
Definition
substance made up of only one type of atom
Term
group
Definition
vertical column of the periodic table. shows the number of electrons in the outer shell
Term
period
Definition
horizontal row of the periodic table. shows the outermost electron shell being filled
Term
proton
Definition
positively charged particles found in the nucleus
Term
neutron
Definition
central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons
Term
electron
Definition
negatively charged, very light particles found in an atom. electrons move around the nucleus
Term
atomic number
Definition
the number of protons in an atom. determines which element
Term
mass number
Definition
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Term
radioactivity
Definition
particle or energy released from the nucleus of an atom as it decays
Term
isotope
Definition
an atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons
Term
electron configuration
Definition
- follows the pattern 2,8,8,2
- number of electrons in the outer shell
- once the shell fills up it created a new shell/period
- full outer shell is the most stable
Term
ions
Definition
an ion is formed when an atom loses or gains an electron
Term
cation
Definition
a positive charged ion that has lost an electron
Term
anion
Definition
a negative charged ion that has gained an electron
Term
why do atoms lose and gain electrons
Definition
atoms lose and gain electrons to make them stable which is called ionic bonding
Term
isotope
Definition
each combination of an element with a different number of neutrons
Term
what are the three types of radiation
Definition
alpha (2 protons and 2 neutrons)
beta (electron)
gamma (wave of energy)
Term
half life
Definition
the time taken for half of a radioactive atom to decay
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