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science
notes 3
16
Science
9th Grade
03/21/2016

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Term
Creep
Definition
The slow downhill movement of soil and regolith.
Term

 

Differential Weathering

Definition
A description of the way in which rocks weather
at different rates based on their texture and composition.
Term
Exfoliation
Definition
The type of weathering caused by reducing pressure on a rocksurface, allowing slabs of the outer rock to break off in layers.
Term
Flow
Definition
When soil moves steadily and smoothly.  These can move 1 mm toseveral meters a day.
Term
Frost Wedging
Definition
The mechanical breakup of rock caused by the expansion offreezing water in cracks and crevices.
Term
Humus
Definition
A dark organic material composed of partly decayed leaves andplants that add nutrients and water retaining ability to the soil.
Term

 

Laterite

Definition
A red, highly leached soil type found in the tropics that is rich inoxides of iron and aluminum.
Term
Oxidation
Definition
The chemical process in which oxygen is combined with anotherelement or compound to form a different compound. (rusting)
Term
Parent material
Definition
The underlying geologic material (usually bedrock) that thedifferent horizons of soil form in.
Term
Pedalfer
Definition
The soil of humid regions characterized by the accumulation ofiron oxides and aluminum rich clays in the B horizon. (found in eastern US)
Term
Pedocal
Definition
Soil associated with drier regions and characterized by anaccumulation of calcium carbonate in the upper horizons. (found inwestern US)
Term

 

Rockfall

Definition
This occurs when rock or rock fragments fall freely through theair; common on steep slopes.
Term

 

Sinkhole

Definition
A depression produced in a region where soluble rock has beenremoved by groundwater.
Term
Slides
Definition
A block of material that move along a flat inclined surface.
Term
Slump
Definition
The downward slipping of a mass of rock or unconsolidatedmaterial moving as a unit along a curved surface.
Term
Spheroidal Weathering
Definition
When rocks are weathered to the point of havingrounded edges.
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