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Science Test - UNIT 3: Characteristics of Electricity
Chapter 8
31
Science
9th Grade
01/14/2014

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Term
Electrochemical cells
Definition
Converts chemical to electric energy; put the cells together to create a battery
Term
Battery
Definition
Two types of batteries: dry cell and wet cell; has a positive and negative terminal that can connect to other batteries to make electrons flow to a device/load that will electric energy into different forms
Term
Parts of dry cell battery
Definition
- Positive and negative terminals
- plastic insulator
- moist paste
- carbon rod
Term
Parts of wet cell battery
Definition
- Positive and negative terminals
- lead plate
- battery solution (fluid)
- partition
- lead-dioxide plate
Term
Potential energy
Definition
Electric energy that is stored and can be used later on
Term
Kinetic energy
Definition
Moving energy
Term
Voltage
Definition
Amount of electric potential energy per coulomb of charge; also called potential difference; the extra electrons will move to a location where there is less of them; measured in volts
Term
Electrolyte
Definition
A substance that conducts electricity; in dry cell is moist paste and in wet cell is a fluid
Term
Electrodes
Definition
The terminals on a battery; usually made of two different metals or a metal and a different material
Term
How voltage happens in a battery
Definition
One of the electrodes, in the electrolytes, are attacked by the electrolyte and pulls the atoms off the electrode and leave the electrons and making that electrode negatively charged; at the same time the other electrode has its electrons getting pulled off and it will make it positively and the two will make a potential different between the the two electrodes; amount of voltage depends on the type of metal used and electrolyte used
Term
5 examples of electrical energy sources
Definition
- Friction; rubbing two materials to create energy
- Piezoelectric crystals; a crystal is used to create energy
- Photo-electrochemical cells; solar cells as a source of power
- Thermocouples; transforms heat energy into electrical energy
- Generators; for example hydroelectric energy to generate electrical energy
Term
Electrical energy
Definition
Depends on the amount of charge and voltage (the mass of the charge and the height of the voltage)
Term
Voltmeter
Definition
A device that measures voltage between two locations of charge separation
Term
Electric circuit
Definition
A complete pathway that allows electrons to flow
Term
Electric load
Definition
A device that transforms electrical energy into other forms of energy;
ex: light bulb, buzzer, heater, and a motor
Term
Electron flow in a circuit
Definition
When the source (battery) provides the voltage, the chemical energy in the battery gives the electrons on the negative terminal potential energy, the electrons are attracted to the positive terminal, so they go through the conductors (wires) to try to get there and they get pushed to the load; then the load transforms the energy and then the electrons go back to the battery through a complete circuit
Term
Circuit diagrams
Definition
Diagrams that use symbols to represent the different components of the circuit
Term
Rules for a circuit diagram
Definition
- draw diagram using a ruler
- make all connecting wires and leads straight lines with 90 degree corners
- do not let conductors (wires) cross over
- should be rectangular or a square
Term
4 basic parts of a circuit
Definition
Source: the source of electrical energy
Conductors: wire through which electric current flows
Load: transforms electrical energy into other forms of energy
Switch: a device that can turn circuits on and off by closing and opening the circuit
Term
Why do light bulbs turn on immediately?
Definition
As soon as a battery is in a circuit and the circuit is closed, electrons on every part of the circuit is pushing
Term
Current electricity
Definition
The continuous flow of charge in a complete circuit
Term
Electric current
Definition
The amount of charge passing a point on a conductor every second; measure in amperes; small currents are measured in milliamperes
Term
Ammeter
Definition
A device used to measure the current in a circuit
Term
Conventional current
Definition
An old theory when people used to think electrons flow from positive to negative
Term
Resistance
Definition
The property of any material that slows down the flow of electrons and converts electrical energy into other forms of energy; ratio of the voltage to the current; unit of measurement for resistance is ohms
Term
Ohm's Law
Definition
The mathematical relationship comparing voltage, current, and resistance
Term
Converting prefixes
Definition
Milli: represents one-thousandth
Kilo: represents one thousand
Mega: represents one million
Term
How to determine resistance
Definition
- Use Ohm's Law if you find out the voltage (using a voltmeter) and current (using a ammeter) in the circuit
- use an ohmmeter
Term
Ohmmeter
Definition
A device that measures resistance
Term
Resistor
Definition
An electrical component that has a specific resistance; used to control current or potential difference in a circuit
Term
Resistor colour code
Definition
the coloured stripes on a resistor indicate the resistance of the resistor; the first colour is the first digit, the second colour is the second digit, the third colour is the multiplier to the power of 10 and the last colour band is the accuracy
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