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Science study guide
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52
Science
7th Grade
01/13/2013

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Term
Hyprid
Definition
has two different forms for a trait
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
an organism that has two alleles for a trait that are different
Ex.(Tt,Dd)
Term
Fertilization
Definition
the sexual reproduction,the joining of an egg and a sperm
Term
Mitosis
Definition
cell process by which the nucleus divides to form two new nuclei
Term
Cell
Definition
the basic unit that carries out the life functions
Term
Tendons
Definition
bands of tissue that hold muscles to bones
Term
Homozygous
Definition
an organism that has two alleles for a trait that are the same
Ex.(TT,DD)
Term
Purebred
Definition
has the same forms for a trait
Term
Haploid
Definition
sex cells;23 chromosomes (1/2 the number of chromomes in body cells)
Term
Diploid
Definition
body cells;23 pairs of chromosomes(46 chromosomes)
Term
Genotype
Definition
genitic makeup
Term
Phenotype
Definition
physical characteristic(what is shown)
Term
Meiosis
Definition
cell division where by which sex cells divide to form 4 new cells
Term
Interphase
Definition
a cell spends most of its life growing and developing
Term
Heredity
Definition
the passing of traits from parents to offspring
Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy(sugars)to be used as food
Term
Respiration
Definition
chemical reaction that breaks down food molecules into 2 simpler substances and releases stored energy
Term
Passive Transport
Definition
the movement of molecules through the CM(cell membrane)without the use of energy
Term
Active Transport
Definition
requires energy to move a substance through the CM(cell membrane)
Ex.Protein molecules
Term
Osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water through the CM(cell membrane)
Term
Diffusion
Definition
the movement of molecules from an crowded are to a less crowded are; molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Term
Ion
Definition
an electrically charged atom
Term
Ligament
Definition
a tough band of tissue that holds bones together
Term
Cartilage
Definition
bone-like(rubby) tissue found at ends of bones;acts as a shock absorber and prevents bones from rubbing together
Term
Melanin
Definition
pigment that gives skin its color
Term
Genetics
Definition
the scientific study of heredity
Term
Periosteum
Definition
tight-fitting membrane that covers the surface of the bones;tough outer covering of bone
Term
Matter
Definition
anything that takes up space and has mass
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
the organism maintains normal internal condition
Term
Prokaryotic
Definition
cells that lack membranes around the nucleus
Term
Eukraryotic
Definition
cells that have an organized nucleus with a membrane
Term
Virus
Definition
non-living thing made of two parts, hereditary material and protein coat
Term
Organic Compounds
Definition
compounds that contain carbon
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
main source of energy and is made up of C,H,O
Term
Adaptation
Definition
any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment
Term
Biogenisis
Definition
theory that living things come only from living things
Term
Pedigree
Definition
A chart of an individual's ancestors used in human genetics to analyze Mendelian inheritance of certain traits, especially of familial diseases.
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
green,chlorophyll -containing plant-cell organelle tha tuses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water
Term
Mass
Definition
large body of matter with no definite shape
Term
Density
Definition
The quantity of something per unit measure, especially per unit length, area, or volume
Term
Volume
Definition
The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional object or region of space
Term
Element
Definition
particle that contains only one type of atom
Term
Evolution
Definition
change in the characteristics of living organisms over generations
Term
DNA
Definition
chemical;contains information needed by an organism to grow/function (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Term
Spontaneous Generation
Definition
The idea that organisms originate directly from nonliving matter
"life from nonlife"
Term
Animal Cell
Definition
Term
Plant Cell 
Definition
Term
Major Bones of the Body 
Definition

Cranium (Skull)             Vertebrae

Maxilla                          Humerus

Mandible                       Radius

Clavicle                         Ulna

Scapula                         Rib Cage

Sternum                        Pelvis

Femur                           Tibia

Fibula                            Phalanges 


Term
Major Joints of the Body 
Definition

1. Pivot Joint (turning our head)

2. Ball and Socket Joint (hips, shoulders)

3. Hinge Joint (elbows,knees, toes)

4. Gliding Joint (wrists and ankles)

 

Term
Major Functions of the Skelatal System 
Definition

1. Gives shape and support

2. Provides protection for internal organs (brain-skull, lungs-ribs)

3. With muscles, it provides movement

4. Blood cells are produced in marrow in the center of the cell  

5. Calcium & phosporus are stored here 

Term
Major Functions of the Muscular System 
Definition

1. Always work in pairs 

    a. one contracts 

    b. one relaxes 

2. Always pull 

3. Muscles can get larger or smaller 

4. Blood carries oxygen-rich molecules to the muscles 

 

Term
Major Functions of the Skin 
Definition

1. Protection

2. Sensory Response

3. Formation & Vitamin D

4. Regulates Body Temp.

5. Elimination of Body Wastes through Sweat Glands

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