Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Science of Physical Creation 9th gr
Chapter 6
95
Science
9th Grade
11/06/2011

Additional Science Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
physical properties
Definition
distinguish one kind of matter from another; can be observed or measured wihtout changing a substance into a different substance
Term
examples of physical properties
Definition
temperature, odor, color, hardness, density, solubility and electrical conductivity
Term
chemical properties
Definition
these describe how a substance unites with other substances to form new substances
Term
examples of chemical properties
Definition
tendency to burn or rust
Term
chemical change
Definition
takes place when 2 or more substances unite or break apart chemically
Term
elements
Definition
composed of only one type of atom; most basic components of the physical world
Term
molecules
Definition
groups of two or more atoms that are linked together by chemical bonds
Term
examples of elements that are also molecules
Definition
oxygen and hydrogen
Term
compounds
Definition
1. chemical combination
2. components lose their properties to form a new substance with its own properties
3. substance A + B=new substance C
4. components combined chemically in invariable proportions
5. substances cannot be separated without a chemical reaction
Term
example of a compound
Definition
water (hydrogen and oxygen)
Term
molecular mass
Definition
the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule
Term
mixture
Definition
1. physical combination
2. components retaain their own properties
3. substance A + B= blend of A and B
4. components present in variable proportions
5. substances can be separated without a chemical reaction
Term
3 types of mixtures
Definition
solutions, colloids and other mixtures
Term
solution
Definition
when the molecules of the 2 substances are completely mixed
Term
examples of solutions
Definition
salt water, honey, carbonated drinks
Term
colloids
Definition
when the molecules of the 2 substances are not completely mixed; the molecules of 1 substance gather into clumps
Term
what do colloids look like
Definition
milky appearance under a bright light because the clumps scatter the light(known as the Tydall effect)
Term
examples of colloids
Definition
fog, smoke, milk, gelatin
Term
third type of mixture (other)
Definition
happens when discrete particles of one substance are mixed with discrete particles of another substance, but the mixing is less thorough than in solutions or colloids
Term
example of "other" mixtures
Definition
mixing sand and sugar-they get mixed in, but they are not completely mixed
Term
formula
Definition
combinations of chemical symbols and numbers showing the type and number of atoms in a compound
Term
what are the three major kinds of formulas
Definition
molecular, stuctural, empirical
Term
molecular formula
Definition
gives the mumber of each type of atom in a molecule
Term
structural formula
Definition
most informative type of formula; shows the general arrangement of the atoms in a molecule
Term
empirical formula
Definition
shows only the simplest ratio of atoms in a molecule
Term
Chemical bonds
Definition
The force of attraction that holds atoms together in a molecule ornionic crystal
Term
Covalent bonds
Definition
A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence eectrons between atoms
Term
Double bond
Definition
The sharing of two pairs of electrons
Term
Triple bond
Definition
The sharing of 3 pairs of electrons
Term
Nonpolar covallent bond
Definition
When both atoms have the sAme strength of electrical attraction for the shared electron
Term
Polar covalent bond
Definition
One atom has a stronger electrical atraction for the shared electrons the does theother atom
Term
Dipole molecule
Definition
A molecule that has oppositely charged end or poles
Term
Ionic bond
Definition
A type of chemical bond in which positively charged ions are electrically attracted to negativey charged ions
Term
Ionic crystals
Definition
Muttually attracted ions formed orderly geometric arrangements
Term
Ionic crystals
Definition
Muttually attracted ions formed orderly geometric arrangements
Term
Intermolecular forces
Definition
The forces of adhesion and cohesion between molecules that bind them together to form larger objects
Term
Dipolar force
Definition
The intermolecular force of attraction between polar molecules
Term
London force
Definition
A type of intermolecular force that occurs between all molecules
Term
Crystalline solids
Definition
Molecules of hard or brittle substances are often arranged in a regular 3D pattern
Term
Amorphous solids
Definition
Group together in long tangled chains
Term
Amorphous solids
Definition
Group together in long tangled chains
Term
Molecular mass
Definition
The vapor pressure and boiling point of a substance depend primarily on this
Term
Solubility
Definition
The ability of one substance to be dissolved in another substance also results in another substance
Term
Insoluable
Definition
If a given substance will not readily dissolve in a given solvent
Term
Chemical reaction
Definition
Chemical change resulting from a collision bw atoms or molecules
Term
Reactants
Definition
The original substances that undergo a chemical reaction
Term
Products
Definition
New substance produced by the reaction
Term
Chemical equation
Definition
An expression that uses chemical symbols to represent a chemical reaction
Term
Order of a chem equation
Definition
Reactants + reactants------> products
Term
Law of conservation of mass
Definition
The total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products
Term
What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?
Definition
They are conserved
Term
What do we call a chem equation that has the same number of each type of atom on each side of the arrow?
Definition
Balanced
Term
Can molecular formulas be changed in order to balance an equation?
Definition
No
Term
Activation energy
Definition
The kinetic energy needed for colliding molecules to chemically react
Term
Exothermic reaction
Definition
A chemical reaction that rleases heat energy
Term
Formula for exothermic reactions
Definition
Reactants----->products+energy
Term
Endothermic reactions
Definition
Chemical reactns that absorb heat
Term
Formula for endothermic reactions
Definition
Reactants + energy-------->products
Term
Second law of thermodynamics
Definition
Heat and ither natural processes in a system always tend toward less usuable energy and greater disorder
Term
Entropy
Definition
The amoun t of decay or disorder in a system
Term
Name the factors that can affect the rate of reactions
Definition
Temperature, concentration, surface area, use of catalysts
Term
What will an increase in temp do to a chem reaction?
Definition
Speed it up
Term
What will increased concentration do to a chem reaction?
Definition
Increase the rate of reaction
Term
What will increasing the surface area of the reactants do to a chem reaction?
Definition
Increase the speed of the reaction
Term
Catalysts
Definition
Substances that alter the rate of a chem reaction without being permanently changed
Term
Name the four types of chemical reactions
Definition
Combination, decompositioin, single displacement, double displacement
Term
Combination reactions
Definition
Chem reactions in which two or more substances combine to form a third substance
Term
Decomposition reaction
Definition
Chem reactions in which a complex compound breaks down to form a different substance
Term
Single displacement
Definition
Chem reactions in which one element in a compound is replaced by another element
Term
Double displacement
Definition
Chemical reaction in which two compounds swap ingredients
Term
Salt
Definition
A general term referring to any ionic compound composed of any cation except a hydrogen and any anion except a hydroxide ion
Term
Acid
Definition
An ionic compound that releases hydrogen cations when it disassociates in water, has a pH of less than 7, turns litmus red, & has sour taste
Term
Base
Definition
Any ionic compound that produces hydroxide anions when it disassociates in water, has a pH greater than 7, turns litmus blue, feels slippery, tastes bitter & often can corrode certsin metals
Term
Neutral
Definition
A substance that is neither an acid or a base
Term
pH scale
Definition
Scale used to describe the relative strength of an acid or base
Term
Electrolytes
Definition
A solution capable of conducting electricity
Term
Dry cell
Definition
A type voltaic cell in which the electrolyte is a moist paste instead of a liquid
Term
Storage cell
Definition
An electrochemical cell that produces electricity and can be recharged by electric current from an outside source
Term
Alkynes
Definition
Type of hydrocarbon containing one or more triple bonds bw carbon atoms
Term
Alcohol
Definition
A hydrocarbon that has had one or more of its hydroatoms replaced by a hydroxyl group
Term
Detergents
Definition
Organic compound similiar to soaps but capable of cleansing even in hard water
Term
Polymers
Definition
A huge organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules caled monomers linked together
Term
Lipids
Definition
Group of organic molecules that includes fats and oils
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
An imp lipid used to make bile, vitamin d, cell membranes and hormones
Term
Amino acids
Definition
Organic molecules that function as the building blocks of proteins
Term
Fibrous proteins
Definition
A tpe of protein combined of long straight chains of amino acids
Term
Nucelic acids
Definition
Organic compounds that contain the blue prints that guide e construction of proteins in a cells
Term
Deoxyrbonnucleic acids
Definition
DNA
Term
Double helix
Definition
The structure of DNA sometimes a twisted ladder
Term
Gene
Definition
The characteristics of DNA
Term
Transcribe
Definition
Makes copies of the segments of the DNA that contains the code for that protein
Term
RNA
Definition
Where the protein is manufactured
Term
Cellular respiration
Definition
Process in living cells in which glucose is broken down into CO 2 and water, releasing energy used to make ATP
Term
ATP
Definition
A molecule that serves as the energy carrier of a cell
Term
Metabolism
Definition
The process by which the body produces and uses energy from food
Supporting users have an ad free experience!