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Science Midterm
preparing for this midterm
30
Science
9th Grade
01/16/2013

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Cards

Term
Biotic
Definition
Living factors ex. number of predators
Term
abiotic
Definition
nonliving factors ex. temperature 
Term
Habitat
Definition

the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism

Term
Niche
Definition
An organism's place or role in an ecosystem
Term
Competition
Definition

Ecology interaction between organisms, populations, or species, in which birth, growth and death depend on gaining a share of a limited environmental resource.

Term
Factors that affect population growth
Definition
reproduction rate/density/competition
Term
Carrying capacity
Definition
the maximum amount of organisms an ecosystem can sustain; limits growth
Term
matter
Definition

physical substance in general, as distinct from mind and spirit; (in physics) that which occupies space and possesses rest mass, esp. as distinct from energy: the structure and properties of matter.

Term
elements
Definition
[pure substances that are composed of one type of atom...ex: gold, aluminum
Term
compounds
Definition
composed of two or more elements that are bonded together (like water, salt, and lithium fluoride)
Term
mixture
Definition

 is a combination of two or more compounds and can be separated physically. Sand 

 

Term
protons 
Definition
positively charged atom
Term
neutron
Definition
neutrally charged atom
Term
electrons
Definition
negatively charged atoms
Term
valence
Definition
an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules.
Term
Isotopes
Definition

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.

Term
periodic table
Definition

a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.

Term
groups
Definition

a set of elements occupying a column in the periodic table and having broadly similar properties arising from their similar electronic structure.

Term
periods
Definition

 a set of elements occupying an entire horizontal row in the periodic table.

Term
ionic bond  
Definition
a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains an electron to form a negative ion
Term
covalent bond  
Definition

a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule.

 

Term
polymers
Definition
long chains of molecules
Term
 Carbohydrates
Definition

sugars used for short-term energy. (glucose being the main one). Monosaccharides are composed of one 

hexagonal sugar molecule (glucose and fructose), disaccharides are made up of two (lactose, sucrose), and polysaccharides are long 

complex sugars (starch, cellulose, chiton).  Sugars are stored as glycogen (in humans- inside the liver) or starch (in plants). Since starch 

(a complex molecule) is too large to pass (diffuse) through the cell membrane, it must be digested first to glucose (a simple molecule) 

before our cells can use it.

Term
Lipids
Definition

fats for long-term energy storage. Blubber, waxes are lipids. Tree leaves outer layer is a lipid to repel water. Lipids make up the 

cell membrane. Lipid molecules can be identified by the the carboxyl group found at the end of a long chain of carbon and hydrogen

Term
Proteins (polypeptides)
Definition

made up of amino acids. Have many functions: structural (bones, muscles, tendons), help fight 

diseases (antibodies), transport substances (ex. cell membrane proteins). The function of a protein is based upon its structure and shape 

(which is determined by the DNA code). Change in shape=change in protein. Enzymes are types of proteins that help speed up reactions 

(a catalyst)

Term
Metabolism
Definition

all chemical activities in an organism. Enzymes-proteins that control many functions (ex. Digestion of molecules, 

building body structures) Synthesis- making complex molecules. Catalysts speed up reactions (enzymes are a biological catalyst; increase 

in temperature can also be a catalyst for reactions)

Term
Cells: Levels of Organization
Definition
: Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ system-Organism
Term
cell membrane
Definition

barrier of a cell; it’s a lipid bilayer with protein “bridges” that allow 

entry of larger molecules.

Term
diffusion
Definition

 In diffusion, molecules move from high to low concentration. Diffusion occurs 

automatically and requires no energy

Term
active transport
Definition
. Active (low to high) requires energy (ATP) to occur
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