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Science Midterm 8th Honors
Midterm Study Guide for Science
59
Science
8th Grade
12/14/2009

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Cards

Term

True or False?

The application of scientific discoveries is called Tectonics

Definition
False; technology
Term

True or False?

Identifying rocks, studying glacial movements, and interpreting clues to Earth's history are all topics studies in geology.

Definition
True
Term

True or False?

Earth's four main systems are independent of of one another.

Definition
False; interact with
Term

True or False?

Metereology the study of materials that make up Earth and the processes that form and change these materials. 

Definition
False;Geology
Term

True or False?

The biosphere includes all organisms that live within a few meters of Earth's surface, at the bottom of oceans, and on the tops of mountains

Definition
True
Term

True or False?

Scientists at the time rejected Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift because he could not explain how or why Earth's continents move.

Definition
True
Term

True or False?

According to the theory of plate tectonics, plates interact at plate boundaries by deflecting each other,  moving away from each other, or moving horizontally past each other.

Definition
False; moving towards each other
Term

True or False?

Igneous extrusive rock bodies are called plutons.

Definition
False; intrusive
Term

True or False?

Most of the world's rift volcanism occurs at divergent boundaries.

Definition
True
Term

True or False?

Volcanoes that form over hot spots are often solitary and far from tectonic plate boundaries.

Definition
True
Term

True or False?

Uplifted mountains are regions of broad uplift that seem to be related to rising convection cells in the mantle.

Definition
False; ocean ridges
Term

True or False?

About 70 percent of Earth's surface is below sea level.

Definition
True
Term

True or False?

The radioactive decay scale divides the history of Earth into time units that help geologists analyze the rock record

Definition
False; geologic time scale
Term

True or False?

Granite, which is composed of feldspar, quartz, and mica- high-density minerals- is common at Earth's surface.

Definition
False; low
Term

True or False?

The Ediacaran fauna lived during the late Archean, and their fossils have been found in all parts of the world.

Definition
False; Proterzoic
Term
The Coriolis effect is due to the ______ of Earth.
Definition
rotation
Term
Low-pressure systems that heavily influence weather in the middle latitudes are ______.
Definition
wave cyclones
Term
A record of weather data for a particular site at a particular time is a(n) _______.
Definition
station model
Term
The exchange of heat or moisture with the surface over which an air mass travels is known as ______.
Definition
air mass modification
Term
Very severe thunderstorms can form when a _____ has a large continuous supply of warm air to lift and condense.
Definition
cold front
Term
A mound of water driven toward coastal areas by hurricane winds is called a ______.
Definition
storm surge
Term
Continental drift was not widely accepted when it was first proposed because ________.
Definition
Wegener couldn't explain why or how the continents moved
Term
Isochron maps of the sea floor indicate that ocean crust is ________.
Definition
youngest near ocean ridges
Term
Each cycle of spreading and intrusion of magma during sea floor spreading results in _______.
Definition
new ocean crust
Term
Continental-continental plate collisions produce ________.
Definition
very tall mountain ranges
Term
All of the following affect the temperature at which magma forms EXCEPT ______.
Definition
Viscosity
Term
Volcanism that occurs under water along mid-oceans ridges is ___________.
Definition
rift volcanism
Term
On a seismometer, vibrations of the ground do not move the ______.
Definition
suspended mass
Term
A good model for isostasy is ______.
Definition
the water line of a boat when someone boards or leaves it
Term
Fault-block mountains _______.
Definition
form when a large pieces of crust are dropped between large faults
Term
The amount of time it takes for one-half of the original amount of an isotope to decay is known as its _______.
Definition
half-life
Term
Mummified animals found in dry caves can be examples of fossils with ______.
Definition
original perservation
Term
Mold, casts, coprolite, and petrified wood are all examples of _______.
Definition
fossils
Term
The Phanerzoic Eon includes the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and _______.
Definition
Canezoic Eras
Term
An example of a fossil with altered hard parts includes a _________.
Definition
petrified wood
Term
The oldest known mineral on Earth is _______.
Definition
Zircon
Term
Cyanobacteria use the process of _______ to produce energy, and oxygen is given off as a waste product.
Definition
photosythesis
Term
The ________________ states that earth's crust and rigid upper mantle are broken into enormous slabs called plates that move slowly over Earth's surface.
Definition
plate tectonics theory
Term
Th transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated matter is _________.
Definition
convection
Term
Places where plates move apart are ________
Definition
divergent boundary
Term
Earth's continents were once joined as a single landmass called ________.
Definition
Pangaea
Term
The adaption of life-forms to changes in the enviroment is known as _________.
Definition
evolution
Term
In the process of _________, pore spaces within an organism's shell are filled with mineral substances.
Definition
perminilization
Term
Big, steep, small cone
Definition
shield volcano
Term
tiny volcano
Definition
cinder-cone volcano
Term
normal volcano
Definition
composite volcano
Term
Broad, gently sloping sides
Definition
shield volcano
Term
Steep-sided
Definition
cinder-cone volcano
Term
Made of layers of tephra and lava
Definition
composite volcano
Term
Forms from layers of basaltic lava
Definition
shield volcano
Term
Largest of the volcanoes
Definition
composite volcanoes
Term
Forms as tephra ejected high into the air fall back to Earth and pile around the vent
Definition
cinder-cone volcano
Term
Tiny, Threadlike photosynthetic organisms
Definition
cyanobacteria
Term
Mat or mound composed of billions of cyanobacteria
Definition
stromatolite
Term
Stable Mineral that commonly occurs in granite
Definition
zircon
Term
Glacial event that occurred between 700 and 800 million years ago
Definition
Varangian glaciation
Term
Hot water vent at volcanic seafloor rift
Definition
hydrothermal vent
Term
Fossils of soft-bodied Proterozoic organisms
Definition
Ediacaran fauna
Term
Building blocks of protein
Definition
amino acids
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