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Science Chapter 1
Motion
21
Science
8th Grade
01/16/2009

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Cards

Term

 

 

 

position

Definition

 

the location of a place or object

Term

 

 

 

reference point

Definition

 

 

a location to which you compare other locations

Term

 

 

 

motion

Definition

 

 

the change in position over time

Term

 

 

observation of movement

Definition

 

 

depends on the position and motion of the person doing the observing

Term

 

 

speed

Definition

 

 

a measure of how far something moves (or the distance it moves) in a given amount of time

Term

 

 

velocity

Definition

 

 

 

speed in a specific direction

Term

 

 

 

vector

Definition

 

 

a quantity that has both size and direction

Term

 

 

 

acceleration

Definition

 

 

rate of change in velocity

Term

 

 

What are two ways to describe the location of a specific city?

Definition

 

 

 longitude and latitude

&

the distance from a specific reference point

Term

 

 

If it is 30 miles from Hartford to Simsbury, why might a driver have to travel 42 miles to get from one place to another?

Definition

 

 

30 miles is the straight-line distance from Hartford to Simsbury. However, there are no routes from Hartford to Simsbury that are a straight line. There are multiple routes that have many curves, which increases the travel distance.

Term

 

 

How can you tell if motion has occured?

Definition

 

 

There has been a change in position.

Term

 

 

Formula for speed

Definition

 

 

S = d/t

 

S = speed

d = distance

t = time

Term

 

 

Why is velocity an example of a vector while speed is not.

Definition

 

A vector is a quantity that has both size and direction. Speed is not a vector because speed is a measure of how fast or slow an object moves, not the direction it moves in. Velocity has a size (speed) and a direction, so it is a vector.

Term

 

 

When is the only time acceleration can occur?

Definition

 

 

Acceleration can only occur when velocity changes.

If velocity is not changing, then there is no acceleration.

Term

 

 

the formula for acceleration

 

 

Definition

 

 acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity)/time

 

a = (vf - vi)/t

Term

 

 

 difference between instantaneous speed and average speed

Definition

 

Instananeous speed is the speed a one specific moment and is difficult to measure. Average speed is a measure of how quickly one moves over a distance, is easier to calculate, and is a more accurate measure.

Term

 

 

basic unit used to measure speed

Definition

 

 

meters per second

m/s

Term

 

 

difference between speed and velocity

Definition

 

 

velocity has direction, and speed does not

Term

 

 

 

positive acceleration

Definition

 

 

when velocity increases (when things move faster)

Term

 

 

constant velocity

Definition

 

 

when velocity does not change (when something moves at same speed and in the same direction)

Term

 

 

negative acceleration

Definition

 

 

when velocity decreases (when something slows down)

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