Term
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Definition
Trust vs mistrust (0-18 mo.)caregivers
Autonomy vs. shame(1-3 yrs)self confidence
Initiative vs. guilt (3-5yrs)initiative
Industry vs. inferiority(6-12)success
Identity vs. role confusion (12-18)self,ego |
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Term
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Definition
Sensorimotor (0-2) attachment
Pre-operational (2-7) intuition and perception
Concrete stage (7-11) conversation skills
formal operations (12-adult)hypothesize and reasoning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Schemes altered in response to environment. Ex worth by size changed to worth by value. |
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Term
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Definition
| Generalized what is learned into the environment. ex. hitting the block with wrench like a hammer. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Cognitive Assessment System - CAS |
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Definition
| Luria model and PASS model (planning, attention, stimulus, sequencing) no verbal portion. more culturally fair. |
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Term
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Definition
1st widely used in America. ages 2-85.
measures fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual spatial, and working memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| ages 6-16. uses CHC theory. measures Verbal, perceptual, memory, processing speed, and executive functioning. |
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Term
| Differential Abilities Scales (DAS) |
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Definition
Preschool Version (ages 2-5)
School age Version (6-17)
Measures verbal, spatial, and nonverbal abilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| identifying one strength as making other traits more appealing or appear better than they are. Beauty = intelligence. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to solve problems through reasoning. |
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Term
| Crystallized Intelligence |
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Definition
| solve problems with learned facts and language |
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Term
| universal nonverbal intelligence test (UNIT) |
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Definition
| nonverbal test for non-speakers or hearing impaired (ages 5-17) for complex memory, verbal mediated reasoning, nonverbal problem solving. |
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Term
| Person-centered counseling |
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Definition
| congruence between real and ideal self. seeking personal growth to ones potential, and trust in ones self. |
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Term
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Definition
| finding purpose in the world. stresses choices and self-awareness (present and future) |
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Term
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Definition
| life goals driving behavior. altering a persons perspective to a productive result. |
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Term
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Definition
| be made aware of unconscious motives and conflicts that drive behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| part of a larger living system including family and other systems involved in the change process. |
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Term
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Definition
| confrontational techniques regarding irrational beliefs. see Ellis's work. |
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Term
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Definition
| centers on choices and how we make them. analyzing choices. see Glasser's work |
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Term
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Definition
| wholeness and integration of thoughts feelings and actions. move to internal locus of control. |
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Term
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Definition
| instruction, rehearsing, providing feedback, and reducing negative behavior. modeling and role-playing. |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of reward that reduces a negative behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| repeating or intensifying a response cost or reward. |
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Term
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Definition
| understanding what a child says to themselves before, during, and after an undesirable act. |
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Term
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Definition
| most desired task can reinforce the less desired task. |
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Term
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Definition
| the square root of variance. |
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Term
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Definition
| mean 100 (50th percentile) SD of 15. one SD above is considered above average. Mostly used because they are equal interval scores. |
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Term
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Definition
| patterned personal strength and weaknesses. not with the group. |
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Term
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Definition
| not based on a bell curve but a specific criteria or content to be mastered. |
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Term
| Standerd error of measurement (SEM) |
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Definition
| level of error expected. sets the range which their obtained score falls in. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| able to provide same results over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to measure what it is suppose to. |
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Term
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Definition
| similarly correlated results as other test measures. |
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Term
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Definition
| measure between variables. Above .70 is considered for further testing. Useful for predictions, but not used to prove causation. |
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Term
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Definition
| overall effect of an intervention. larger results means the more powerful the intervention. |
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Term
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Definition
| examines across several studies to validate a hypothesis or construct. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dwrek's work on how a person attributes success/failure to internal or external forces. |
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Term
| External Locus of Control |
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Definition
| belief that events happen to you and control is just getting lucky. |
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Term
| Internal locus of control |
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Definition
| one's efforts and skills control ones future. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bandura's bobo doll study shows people learn through their enviroment by observation as well. |
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Term
| Kohlberg's Stages of moral development |
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Definition
Pre-conventional stage - behavior motivated by avoidance/ punishment.
Conventional stage - conformity of social norms and strives to avoid disapproval of others
Post-conventional - high ethics and moral principles |
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Term
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Definition
| IQs scored below 2 standard deviations. 55-69 is mild 40-54 is moderate <40 is severe. |
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Term
| Significant limited intellectual capacity. (SLIC) |
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Definition
| IQ scores less than 70 and adaptive standard scores from surveys are below 70. |
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Term
| significant identifiable emotional disablity(SIED) |
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Definition
| impacted in various settings not due to changes in situation. Interventions must have been attempted. |
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Term
| Speech and language disability |
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Definition
| expressive or receptive language below the 9th percentile on assessments like CELF or Peabody tests. |
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Term
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Definition
| biological and physiological maturation level to enter school. |
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Term
| Client centered consultation |
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Definition
| outcome is based on the child when teacher/parent comes with a presented problem. Best practice to have teachers help themselves. |
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Term
| Consultee centered consultation |
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Definition
| building skills of the teacher that might be used to benefit others. BEST PRACTICE. |
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Term
| Program Centered consultation |
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Definition
| a program or school benefiting by in-service or a workshop. |
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Term
| Classroom management skills |
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Definition
classroom rules explicitly posted.
seating arrangements impact the flow of of class.
rules must be consistently and immediately enforced
teachers must give feedback to students precise and constructive.
point and level systems are easy and effective
structure and routine are important for students
preserve student dignity. implement natural consequences without added attention or argument.
when giving a directive, teachers should stand close to student
rewards and punishments given promptly after behavior and be salient (valuable) to the child.
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Term
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Definition
| Best practice to have parents involved in a presented problem and document it. |
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Term
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Definition
| schools must provide equal opportunity despite a familiy's SES. Ability tracking unconstitutional. |
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Term
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Definition
| ESL students must be tested in their primary language. |
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Term
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Definition
| students must be tested in primary langauge and fall below 2 SDs below the mean for MR |
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Term
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Definition
| Minorities cannot represent a percentage more than the representative population due to MR over representation. |
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Term
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Definition
| pro-special ed. case that showed standardized tests could be used as long as they were culturally unbiased and used with several measures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Placement of minorities beyond the percentage represented by the population is allowed if all proper steps were followed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sped. students must have a manifestation hearing if suspended more than 10 days. |
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Term
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Definition
| Schools have to provide only adequate education. |
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Term
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Definition
| duty to warn and protect if there is danger for a student (anti-bullying programs) |
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Term
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Definition
| Schools must accommodate for ESL students |
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Term
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Definition
| rights to transition sped. students to vocational programs. |
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Term
| Basic Information Processing |
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Definition
| Information(input) -> Central Processing -> Expressive (Output) |
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Term
| Complex Information Processing |
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Definition
| Selective Attention -> "Encoding" (input) short-term memory-> rehearsed and associated to previous knowledge, or forgotten. -> Input is stored and coded into long-term memory ->Information is "decoded" for retrieval (Output) |
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Term
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Definition
| Manager of the brain with executive functioning. Controls goal direcected behavior and cognitive planning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Language center. Processing audio along with Wierneke's area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Processing visual information |
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Term
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Definition
| Somatosensory area. body sensations and motor functioning. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hindbrain controlling muscle tone, balance and skilled movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| forming emotional memories and learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Emotional center that regulates emotional valence. approach/avoidance. |
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Term
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Definition
| largely influences sex, primary emotions, sleep, hunger and homeostasis. Brain's thermostat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory "relay" station. visual, and auditory information is initially evaluated here. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces postive moods and feelings. implicated in parkinson's disease and ADHD |
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Term
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Definition
| natural opiate like morphine to moderate pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Helps regulates relaxation, sleep, and mood. related to depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Damage to Broca's or Wernicke's area which causes speech and language defecits. |
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