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Rotter
Rotter's contributions to personality theory
20
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
05/06/2014

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Term
Experiment
Definition
  • Bandura Bobo Doll
  • Social cognitive theory
Term
Cognitive Social Theory
Definition
Cognitive factors versus more than immediate reinforcements

Expectations of future events are major determinants
Term
Five Hypotheses of Social Learning Theory
Definition
humans interact with their meaningful environments; they perceive the meaning based on personal characteristics
human personality is learned; can be modified
personality has a basic unity; has some sense of stability
motivation is goal directed

people are capable of anticipating events; capable of changing personality based on situations
Term
Four Variables of Predicting Behaviour
Definition
  • Behaviour Potential
  • Expectancy
  • Reinforcement Value
  • Psychological Situation
  • Formula: the potential for a behavior to occur in a particular situation in relation to a given reinforcement is a function of people's expectancy that their behavior will be followed by that reinforcement in that situation.
     
Term
Behaviour Potential
Definition

a particular response will occur at a given time and place in relation to its likely reinforcement; certain set of responses to a specific environment and likeliness is based on previous reinforcement
Term
Expectancy
Definition

Confidence that a particular reinforcement will follow a specific behavior in a specific or general situation(s). ; i.e. study hard and get an A leads to expecting an A again in that class or in all classes
Term
Reinforcement Value
Definition
Person's preference for any particular reinforcement; i.e. all candies are a dollar, but you pick the one you like most
Internal reinforcement(what the person wants) versus external reinforcement (what society wants)
Reinforcement-reinforcement sequences

value of an event is a function of one's expectation that a particular reinforcement will lead to future reinforcements. ; current reinforcements may lead to a bigger future reinforcement
Term
Psychological Situation
Definition

that part of the external and internal world to which a person is responding
Term
Generalized Expectancies
Definition

one must know people's generalized expectancies, or their expectations based on similar past experiences that a given behavior will be reinforced
Term
Recognition Status (Category of Needs)
Definition
to be recognized for one's worth
Term
Dominance (Category of Needs)
Definition
need to have power over people
Term
Independence (Category of Needs)
Definition
to be free of dominance
Term
Protection-Dependence (Category of Needs)
Definition
to have others take care of us
Term
Love and Affection (Category of Needs)
Definition
Self-explanatory
Term
Physical Comfort (Category of Needs)
Definition
Good health and comfort
Term
Three Need Components
Definition
(1) need potential; possible occurance of related behaviours to get a goal
(2) freedom of movement; expect certain outcomes in order to satisfy needs

(3) need value; valuing a reinforcement over another
Term
Internal and External Control of Reinceforcement Scale
Definition

attempts to measure the degree to which people perceive a causal relationship between their own efforts and environmental consequences.

Term
Interpersonal
Definition

measures the extent to which a person expects the word or promise of another person to be true.

Term
Maladaptive Behaviour
Definition
Maladaptive behavior as any persistent behavior that fails to move a person closer to a desired goal. 

It is usually the result of unrealistically high goals in combination with low ability to achieve them or inadequate skills
Term
Psychotherapy
Definition
Goals: to achieve harmony between a client's freedom of movement and need value. 
Changing Goals
Maladaptive behaviors follow from three categories of inappropriate goals: (1) conflict between goals, (2) destructive goals, and (3) unrealistically lofty goals. 
Eliminating Low Expectancies

In helping clients change low expectancies of success, Rotter uses a variety of approaches
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