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Roseman-Pharm day 1
pharmacology
46
Nursing
Undergraduate 1
03/26/2012

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Cards

Term
Single occupancy theory-intensity
Definition
number or receptor occupied
Term
Single occupancy theory-maximum response
Definition
all receptors have drug molecules attached
Term
Modified occupancy theory
Definition
different drugs have different affinity for receptor sites
Term
Intrinisic activity
Definition
drugs have different abilities to stimulate receptors
Term
Minimum effective concentration
Definition
amoutn of drug required to produce a therapeutic effect
Term
Toxic concentration
Definition
level of drug that results in serious adverse effects
Term
Therapeutic range
Definition
drug concentration between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration
Term
Factors that influence that dose of a drug
Definition
1. potency and efficacy
2. Maintenance, & loading dose
3. Therapeutic index
Term
Potency
Definition
amount of drug needed to produce effect
Term
Efficacy
Definition
How well a drug produces its effect
Term
Dose response curve
Definition
Shows the relationship between dose of drug & response it produces
Term
Threshold with each drug
Definition
induced response; response will reach a plateau
Term
Gradual slope
Definition
large change in dose/small change in effect
Term
Steep slope
Definition
small changes in dose/large change in effect
Term
Maintenance
Definition
the dose that continues to keep the drug in the desired therapeutic range
Term
Loading dose
Definition
Large than the standard dose used to quickly achieve steady state
Term
Steady state
Definition
Evenly distributed concentration of a drug. rate of administration = rate of drug. takes 4-5 half-lives
Term
half-life (t 1/2)
Definition
The time needed to reduce the plasma concentration of a drug to 50%
Term
Therapeutic index (TI)
Definition
The drug margin of safety. Ratio of efffective dose to lethal dose.
TI= LD50/ED50
Term
median effective dose ED50
Definition
The dose needed to produce a therapeutic effect in 50% of the drug-tested populations
Term
median lethal dose LD50
Definition
The dose that is lethal to 50% of the drug-tested populations
Term
Narrow TI
Definition
Dangerous drug, monitor closely
Term
Wide TI
Definition
Safer drug
Term
Human Genome project
Definition
Drugs customized for patients with specific gnetic similarities. DNA testing prior to drug therapy
Term
Causes of adverse effects
Definition
Too much of a therapeutic response. Other pharmacodynamic effect.
Term
Allergic reaction
Definition
Altered physiologic reaction. Anaphylaxis
Term
Idiosyncratic responses
Definition
Unusual, abnormal, or peculiar response to a drug
Term
Neurotoxicity
Definition
Injury to the CNS. S/S: drowsiness, auditory and visual disturbances, restlessnesss, nystagmus, tonic-clonic seizures
Term
Hepatotoxicity
Definition
Injury to the liver. Manifestatiosn: hepatitis, jaundice, elevated liver enzymes, fatty infiltration of the liver
Term
Immunotoxicity
Definition
Injury to the immune system
Term
Nephrotoxicity
Definition
Injury to the kidneys. Manifestation: acute tubular necrosis
Term
Cardiotoxicity
Definition
Injury to the heart. Characteristics: transient cardiac arrhythmias, depression of myocardial function, CHF
Term
Ototoxicity
Definition
Injury to eighth cranial nerve: inner ear or auditory nerve damage. S/S: tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss, lightheadedness, vertigo, nausea and vomiting
Term
Extrapyramidal
Definition
Abnormal body movements
Term
Anticholinergic
Definition
When we block muscular cholinergic
Term
Hematologic
Definition
Bone marrow depression, affects levels of blood products (RBC, platelets)
Term
Immunosuppression
Definition
Mask signs and symptoms of infection
Term
Drug interactions: drug-drugs
Definition
Prescriptions, OTC, herbal, vitamin supplements
Term
Drug interactions: Drug-food
Definition
Grapefruit juice, milk, vitamin K, tyramine
Term
Drug interactions: GI absorption
Definition
Drug binding in GI tract, motility, ph, intestinal flora
Term
Pharmacodynamic interactions: additive effect
Definition
(1+1=2) one drug, then another drug=two
Term
Pharmacodynamic interactions: synergistic effect
Definition
(1+1=3)when two different drugs= a greater effect.
Term
Pharmacodynamic interactions: Potentiation
Definition
(1/2 + 1=2) when one of the drugs is increased
Term
Pharmacodynamic interactions: Antagonistic interactions
Definition
(1 +1=0)Two drugs together and then neither one of them work
Term
Contraindictions
Definition
Do not give
Term
Precautions
Definition
Patient may be more likely to have adverse reactions
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