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Rome Ch 11 Sec 3
Ch 11 Sec 3
28
Social Studies
6th Grade
04/15/2013

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Term
How long did it take for the Roman army to conquer nearly all of Italy?
Definition
200 years
Term
Who attacked Rome and took over the city in 387 BC?
Definition
The Gauls
Term
How did the Romans get the Gauls to leave Rome?
Definition
They gave them a huge amount of gold
Term
How did the organization of the army help the Romans defeat most of their enemies?
Definition
It allowed them to be flexible, fight as a large group or as several small ones
Term
How many soldiers were in a legion? How many in a century?
Definition
Up to 6000, 100
Term
Before Rome conquered most of Italy, what were most Romans?
Definition
Farmers
Term
What happened to the small farms when the farmers moved?
Definition
Wealthy Romans built large farms on the countryside
Term
Who worked the large farms?
Definition
slaves
Term
What did merchants bring to Rome from other parts of the Mediterranean?
Definition
Food, metal goods, & slaves
Term
What did Romans use to pay for the goods brought into Rome?
Definition
Coins made out of copper, silver & other metals
Term
What are the Punic Wars?
Definition
A series of wars against Carthage, a city in northern Africa
Term
What does the word Punic mean?
Definition
Phoenician, the people who built Carthage
Term
How did the Punic Wars start? What happened?
Definition
Carthage sent armies to Sicily. Rome sent armies too. They fought for 20 years, Romans forced out the enemy and took over Sicily
Term
Who is Hannibal?
Definition
Carthaginian general, one of the greatest generals of the ancient world, started the second Punic War
Term
What happened when Rome sent an army to Carthage?
Definition
Hannibal rushed home, but his troops were defeated at Zama
Term
What advantages did the Romans have during battle at Zama?
Definition
Cavalry, blew trumpets to distract elephants, left empty spaces between soldiers
Term
What advantage did the Carthaginians have during the battle at Zama?
Definition
80 war elephants
Term
Why did Rome declare war on Carthage?
Definition
They were afraid Carthage was growing powerful again
Term
What did Rome do after they destroyed Carthage?
Definition
Burned the city, killed most of the people, sold the rest into slavery, & took control of N Africa
Term
What ideas did Rome adopt from Greece?
Definition
Literature, art, philosophy, religion, and education
Term
What new lands did Rome add between 270 and 100 BC?
Definition
Most of Spain, Southern Gaul, Northern Italy, Carthage, Mediterranean islands (including Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia), Greece, Macedonia, and Asia Minor
Term
What problems arose in the Roman Republic as their territory grew?
Definition
The rich were getting richer and leaders feared violence would erupt between the rich and poor
Term
Why did Tiberius Gracchus want to create farms for the poor Romans? What happened?
Definition
To keep the poor happy and prevent rebellions. Wealthy citizens who owned the land opposed the idea, riots started & Tiberius was killed.
Term
What did Gaius Gracchus do? What happened?
Definition
Tried to create new farms, sold food cheaply to poor. Angered powerful Romans and was killed
Term
What did Gaius Marius (mer eee us) do?
Definition
Encouraged poor people to join the army, before only land owners had been allowed to join
Term
What politician conflicted with Marius and started a civil war in Rome? Who won?
Definition
Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Sulla won & declared himself dictator
Term
Who is Spartacus? What did he do?
Definition
A former gladiator who lead thousands of slaves to rise up and demand freedom, they defeated the army and took over much of southern Italy
Term
What happened after Spartacus was killed?
Definition
The revolt fell apart, Romans executed 6000 slaves
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