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RMS Science
CHAPTER 3 VOCABULARY (Cell Processes)
27
Science
7th Grade
12/07/2007

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Term
atom
Definition
smallest particle that makes up all matter solid, liquid, or gas; usually neutrally charged
Term
electrons
Definition
negatively charged particles moving around outside a nucleus
Term
element
Definition
atoms of the same kind that are bonded together
Term
nucleus
Definition
center of an atom, that contains protons and neutrons
Term
compounds
Definition
made up of two or more elements in specific proportions
Term
molecule
Definition
a group of atoms held together by the energy of chemical bonds
Term
molecular compounds
Definition
formed when different atoms share their outermost electrons
Term
ion
Definition
an electrically charged atom that has lost or gained an electron
Term
ionic compounds
Definition
opposite charges attract to form an electrically neutral compound
Term
mixture
Definition
combination of substances in which each substance retains its own properties
Term
solution
Definition
two or more substances dissolved evenly throughout another substance
Term
suspension
Definition
two or more substances evenly spread throughout a solution, but will eventually settle out
Term
organic compound
Definition
compound containing carbon and hydrogen and is associated with living things
Term
inorganic compound
Definition
a substance made of elements other than carbon
Term
enzyme
Definition
a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
Term
passive transport
Definition
movement of molecules without the input of energy
Term
diffusion
Definition
movement of molecules from an area of more molecules (higher concentration)to an area of less molecules (lower concentration)
Term
equilibrium
Definition
condition in which molecules of a substance are spread evenly throughout a space
Term
osmosis
Definition

passive transport of water by diffusion

(the diffusion of water)

Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
when substances such as glucose molecules are so large that they can only enter the cell with the help of molecules in the cell membrane called transport proteins
Term
active transport
Definition
protein binds to a particle and uses energy to move through the cell membrane
Term
endocytosis
Definition
process of taking substances into a cell by surrounding it with the cell membrane
Term
exocytosis
Definition
a process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell
Term
metabolism
Definition
all of the activities that occur within the cells of an organism
Term
photosynthesis
Definition

the conversion of light energy to chemical energy

 

carbon dioxide + water + light energy (raw materials)

 

yield

 

glucose + oxygen

 

Term
respiration
Definition

opposite process of photosynthesis

 

glucose + oxygen

 

yield

 

carbon dioxide + water + energy

Term
fermentation
Definition
process that releases energy without using oxygen
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