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REVIEW lab values
lab values
41
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
01/30/2012

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Term
k+
Definition
3.5-5
Term
P-
Definition
2.5-4.5
Term
Ca+
Definition
4.5-5.5
Term
mg+
Definition
1.5-2.5
Term
Na+
Definition
135-145
Term
Na+ is a major
Definition
ECF
Term
How do you determine plasma osmolarity
Definition
doubling Na lab value
Term
Na best freind is
Definition
CL-
Term
sources of Na
Definition
prcessed canned foods slty often hidden in medicines (alkiseltzer)
Term
decreased Na could be caused by..
Definition
prolonged administration of hypotonic solutions. or decreased sodium intake over several months
Term
signs of decreased Na
Definition
peripheral edema, wt gain.pulm edema
Term
Intraventions for fluid overload
Definition
monitor I/O with restricted fluids, daily weights labs, give diuretic, encourage eating salty foods
Term
Increased Na causes..
Definition
prolongd administraton of hypertonic soulutions
Term
signs and symptoms of increased Na
Definition
dry mucous membranes and skin . wt. loss, inreased rr low grade fever poor skin truger, sunken eyebaalls confusion seizures increae urine consentraton
Term
interventions for increased Na
Definition
could igve .45% hypotonic solution but worry about giving too mcuh and going into FVE May also see LR given if cardiac and renal system can handle it. this will correct fvd and in turn Na concentration.
Term
K+ is primarly
Definition
an intracellular electrolyte
Term
K+ maintains action potential in
Definition
muscles , neurons, and other tissues
Term
K+ assisits in contolling
Definition
cardiac rate and rhythm
Term
K+is eliminated by?
Definition
90% kidneys and a little through stool and perspiration
Term
Sources of K+
Definition
green leafy, banana's, cantaloups, peaches, oranges, milk, nuts
salt substitutes are high in K
Term
causes for high K
Definition
altered cell function (trauma to cell, metabolic acidosis, blood transfusion with ould blood.
Term
Signs and symptoms of low K
Definition
irregulare andslow HR, EKG cahnges (peaked T waves) muscle cramps (especially in abdominal)
Term
Intraventions for high K
Definition
cardiac monitor
administor antidote
-kayexalate
-calcium gluconate
-IV insulin
monior labs assess for chest pain
Term
P- and what are used interchangeabley in the medical field
Definition
PO4 Phosphate
Term
P- acts in a seesaw effect with
Definition
Ca+
Term
P- primarily found..
Definition
inside cell
Term
P- best friend is...
Definition
K+
Term
sources of P-
Definition
dairy (milk cheese yogurt)
Term
How does Ca+ act like P-
Definition
Vit D is needed for absorption, present in bone and teeth, stored in bone and and excreted in the kidney
-clotting-it converts prothrombin inot thrombin for clot formation
-it also has a role in bone and teeth formation
Term
sources of Ca+
Definition
dariy, salmon , green veggies, baked beans
Term
what is responsible for regulation of Ca+?
Definition
parathyroid glands
Term
What happens when PTH is released?
Definition
it causes Ca+ to move out of the bone into the blood to correct any low extracellular Ca+ levels b/c Ca is always inversly rlated to P- and drives P- out of the blood
Term
What is Calcitonin
Definition
a hormone from the thyroid that does the opposite of PTH. It increases calcium return to the bone, takin git from the blood
Term
Increased Ca+ can be caused by?
Definition
reanl failure, use of thiazide diuretics, prolonged immobility, hyperparthyroidisn/ bone cancer or decreased P-
Term
Signs of low Ca+
Definition
depression, flabby muscles, EKG changes bone fractures, kidney stones
Term
Interventions of high Ca+
Definition
promote activity
maintain hydration
administer lasix as ordered
Term
Low Ca+ can be caused by ...
Definition
decreaded vid D increased P- hypoparathyroidism
Term
Symptoms of low Ca....
Definition
tetany (tight twitching muscle movements)abdominal cramps, Chvostek and Trousseau if severe EKG changes (weak contrations of the heart) clotting abnormality
Term
MG+ role?
Definition
neuromuscular, cardiac, and enzyme activity, helps maintain muscle activity so without enough tetany like problems or with too much slowed responses
-it acts a lot like Ca+ and K+ in its roles and Mg imbalances are often accompaniend by a Ca+ or K+ imbalance
Term
Symptoms of high Mg+
Definition
lethargy, weakness, loss of deep tendon reflexes, hypotention, repiratory depression
Term
symptoms of low MG+
Definition
hyperirritability/ increaed deep tendon reflexes, HTN, dysrhythmias, tetany-like symptoms
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