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respiratory occupational lung disease
n/a
21
Accounting
Pre-School
02/14/2010

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Cards

Term
give a few examples of asphixiating gases
Definition
CO2, methane; CO, CN, HS
Term
give a few examples of irritant gases
Definition
ammonia, chlorine, nitric oxide, ozone, phosgene, sulfur dioxide
Term
how are irritant and toxic fumes different from irritant gases?
Definition
irritant and toxic fumes are usually result of combustion, onset of effect is slower, manifest as acute flu-liek illness with long term health effects (irritant gases react with water of mucus membranes--> inflammation& damage --> immediate epithelial sloughing)
Term
what are a few examples of irritant and toxic fumes
Definition
metal fumes, polymer fumes, acid anhydrides (epoxy resins, plastics), mercury, cadmium fumes
Term
examples of organic dust and particulates
Definition
thermophilic fungi (unclean humidifiers, air conditioners, molded carpets) wide range of occupational exposure including air conditioning, farming, exposure to compost
Term
how do organic dust and particulates exert their effect?
Definition
immune reaction to particular antigen --> inflammatory rxn (constitutional sx, PFT abn first obstructive then later obstructive-restrictive)
Term
what are the 2 subdivisions of work related asthma?
Definition
occupational asthma (agents directly affect lung and may or may not induce IgE ab response to cause sx); work-exacerbated asthma (pre-existing asthma made worse by exposure at work)
Term
describe the unique clinical presentation of work related asthma
Definition
dual response - sx appear early in work day then abate and recur severl hours later (PFT parallel this dual nature)
Term
what is reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS)?
Definition
form of occupational asthma that occurs after a single exposure to high concentrations of irritants. no latent period, no dual response.
Term
what is the best example of a mineral/inorganic dust we are exposed to at work? most dangerous form of this mineral?
Definition
silica; quartz (silica crystal) found in mining and tunneling
Term
how long after silica exposure do sx start?
Definition
5 years (can occur within months with intense quartz exposure)
Term
what is the clinical syndrome assoc with silica intoxication?
Definition
progressive massive fibrosis (constitutional sx --> dyspnea --> restriction-obstruction on PFTs & abn oxygen transfer --> upper lobe opacities with consolidation --> large nodules
Term
how does silica exposure predispose to infections and which infection is most common?
Definition
silica is toxic to macrophages --> susceptibility to infections, particularly TB
Term
what is asbestos? what are the 4 kinds and which is most common in causing toxicity?
Definition
silica in fibrous form (chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite and anthophylite) toxicity most commonly seen with amphibole fibers (short, small aerodynamic fiber, able to avoid upper airway and lung filtering and clearance mechanisms --> distal areas of lung periphery reached --> toxic affect)
Term
how long does one have to be exposed to asbestos for asbestos toxicity to manifest?
Definition
10 years
Term
what is the most sensitive test for detecting asbestosis?
Definition
gas exchange by DLCO
Term
which types of jobs put people at risk for asbestos exposure?
Definition
millers, miners, pipe fitters, insulation construction workers
Term
describe the progression of coal worker's pneumoconiosis from least harmful to most harmful?
Definition
simple pneumonconiosis (dust laden macs accumulate around bronchioles, asymptomatic, UL nodules, normal PFTs) --> complex CWP (several years to develop, large black fibrotic scars, decreased lung func) --> progressive massive fibrosis (black lung, aggregated nodules, inflammation, fibrosis, large nodular lesions --> necrotic d/t ischemia --> large cavities --> death by hypoxic respiratory failure)
Term
what are a few compounds that are known to cause lung cancer?
Definition
vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, asbestos, coal products, radioactive elements (uranium, radon)
Term
high exposure to popcorn flavoring agents is associated with what kind of lung damage/
Definition
neutrophilic airway inflammation
Term
world trade center lung = persistant cough, usually assoc with what other 3 sx?
Definition
dyspnea, GERD, nasal congestion
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