Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Respiratory Diseases
Respiratory diseases and brief descritions for exam-4
22
Pathology
Undergraduate 3
05/17/2010

Additional Pathology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Adult respiratory

distress syndrome (ARDS)

 

Definition

A fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury.

Term

Asthma

Definition

An obstructive lung disease that features chronic inflammation of the airways and is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.

Term

Chronic bronchitis

Definition

Hypersecretion of mucus and chronic productive cough that continues for at least 3 months of the year.

Term

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary

Disease (COPD)

Definition

Pathologic lung changes consistent with emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

Term

Cystic Fibrosis

Definition

An autosomal recessive condition with abnormal chloride channel function, producing lung and pancreatic disease in children.

Term

Emphysema

Definition

Abnormal permanent enlargement of gas-exchange airways (acini) accompanied by destruction of alveolar walls and without obvious fibrosis.

Term

Infant respiratory distress

syndrome (IRDS)

 

Definition

A lung disease of premature infants due to deficient surfactant production which causes atelectasis and increased work of breathing.

 

Term

Pneumonia

Definition

Infection of the lower respiratory tract caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or parasites.

Term

Acute bronchitis

Definition

Acute infection or inflammation of the airways or bronchi. Commonly follows a viral illness and is usually self-limiting.

Term

Atelectasis

Definition

The collapse of lung tissue. Differentiate between compression atelectasis and absorption atelectasis.

Term

Bronchiectasis

Definition

Persistent abnormal dilation of the bronchi.

Term

Dyspnea

Definition

The subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing, the feeling of being unable to get enough air.

Term

Empyema

Definition

The presence of pus in the pleural space.

Term

Lung Cancer (bronchogenic carcinoma)

Definition

Cancer that arises from the epithelium of the respiratory tract. As such, the term lung cancer excludes other pulmonary tumors (sarcomas, lymphomas, blastomas, hematomas, and mesotheliomas).

Term

Pleural effusion

Definition

Presence of fluid in the pleural space.

Term

Pleurisy

Definition

Inflammation of the pleura.

Term

Pneumothorax

Definition

The presence of air or gas in the pleural space caused by a rupture in either the visceral pleura or the parietal pleura/chest wall. Loss of negative pressure in the pleural space results in the natural inward recoil of the lung causing collapse toward the hilus.

Term

Pulmonary edema

Definition

Excess fluid in the lung. Most common cause is heart disease.

Term
Pulmonary embolism
Definition

Occlusion of a portion of the pulmonary vascular bed by an embolus (thrombus, tissue fragment, lipids, or an air bubble)

Term

Pulmonary fibrosis

Definition

An excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lung, which causes a marked loss of lung compliance.

Term

Pulmonary hypertension

Definition

High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries.

Term

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

 

Definition

An acut viral respiratory illness caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).  There was an outbreak in 2003 (approximately 8000 people with a 10% death rate) but currently there is no known SARS transmission anywhere in the world.

 

Supporting users have an ad free experience!