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Research Methods
Research methods study guide
16
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
03/28/2012

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Term
When is observation scientific?
Definition
-serves a formulated research purpose
-planned deliberately
-recorded systematically
-subjected to checks and controls on validity and reliability
Term
What are the steps in conducting observation?
Definition
1. find observable measure of desired construct
2. select setting and mode of observation
3. select sampling strategy
4. train observers: establish reliability
5. analyze data
Term
What are the advantages of observational research?
Definition
-may increase external validity (decrease demand characteristics, decrease social desirability)
-may increase construct validity
-may generate new hypotheses
-may identify limitations of theories
Term
What are the disadvantages of naturalness in research?
Definition
-low internal validity
-may reduce relability of measures
-still need to demonstrate generalizability to other settings
Term
What are the disadvantages of naturalness in research?
Definition
-low internal validity
-may reduce relability of measures
-still need to demonstrate generalizability to other settings
Term
What are the purposes of survey research?
Definition
-describe characteristics of people
-examine relationships among variables
-may attempt to explain relationships when randomized experiments and quasi-experiments not possible
Term
the accuracy of survey findings is affected by:
Definition
-the sampling plan
-the accuracy of that plan's implementation
-the measurement procedures that are used
Term
What do you need to consider when writing questions about facts?
Definition
-errors resulting from memory problems or from response biases
-memory problems more likely for events that are further in past or that are more trivial
-questions should be specific to minimize differences in interpretation
Term
Questions about beliefs and attitudes
Definition
-respondent may not have an attitude
-attitudes often complex and multidimensional
-attitudes have dimension of intensity
Term
Conducting Good questions
Definition
-be specific, short, and simple
-question should simplify respondent's task as much as possible
-make alternatives clear
-avoid unwarranted assumptions
-use multiple related questions and construct an attitude scale for better reliability and validity.
Term
Static-Group Comparison Design
Definition
a survey research design in which groups that differ on an IV are compared on a DV of interest
Term
Panel survey design
Definition
survey research strategy in which respondents are interviewed more than once to study changes in respondents characteristics over time
Term
Between-subjects factor
Definition
-simplest randomized experimental design is a randomized two-group design
-this design contains:
1. random assignment to conditions
2. treatment and comparison groups
3. observations after treatment
Term
Between-subjects factor
Definition
-simplest randomized experimental design is a randomized two-group design
-this design contains:
1. random assignment to conditions
2. treatment and comparison groups
3. observations after treatment
Term
Advantages of factorial designs
Definition
-human behavior is complex, factorial designs allow us to examine effects of combination of variables
-efficient and cost-effective way of determine the effects of several independent variables
Term
Practical limitations of factorial designs
Definition
need to limit number of factors because: number of subjects needed becomes large, stimulus requirements may become too complex, it may be difficult to interpret effects
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