Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Renal
Sydney Uni 1st year
34
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
11/03/2010

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What type of epithelium are the proximal convoluted tubules and proximal straight tubules?
Definition
cuboidal
Term
what tubules have simple squamous?
Definition
thin tubules
Term
what tubules have a brush border? and what is that?
Definition
proximal tubules, microvilli
Term
In the cat, the proximal convoluted tubules have what?
Definition
lipid droplets and give kidney a yellowish appearance
Term
In the dog kidney, lipid droplets are present where?
Definition

in the proximal straight tubules (in medullary rays),

pale striations in cortex

Term
compare DST & DCT with PCT & PST.
Definition
both have cuboidal epithelium, but PCT & PST have brush borders and indistinct borders in lumen
Term
Why might you see more PCT on a slide of the cortical labyrinth than DCT?
Definition

b/c they are longer

 

PCT dominates

Term
what tubules are present in the medullary rays and what tubule dominates?
Definition

PST, DST, CT

 

it is a mix, no tubule dominates

Term

What types of cells will you find in collecting ducts?

what is the difference of these cells in ungulates vs carnivores?

Definition

cuboidal, principal cells (lighter stained), intercalated cells (darker stain)

 

in ungulates, some cells protude while carnivore cell heights are pretty similar

Term
the juxtaglomerular cells are modified cells of ___________? and what do they do?
Definition
modified smooth muscle of afferent arteriole and they secrete renin
Term

Where is connective tissue concentrated in the kidney?

what does it contribute to?

Definition

sparse in cortex and increases in quantity towards inner medulla

 

contributes to concentration of urine and structural integrity

Term
renal pelvis is the expanded end of the ________ except in what species?
Definition

ureter

 

ox

Term
Kidneys and ureter are ____________ (in relation to the peritoneum)
Definition
retroperitoneal
Term
the ureter passes through which two structures before entering bladder
Definition

peritoneal folds (associated with deferens tracts and uterine horns)

lateral ligaments of bladder

Term
describe how ureters enter bladder
Definition

dorsal near neck (caudal) at ureteric orifices at oblique angle,

sometimes in dogs/cats make u-turn before entering (when full)

Term
the oblique entry of ureters is important for?
Definition

the pressure of the distending bladder will close the uretic orifices preventing vesicoureteral reflex (flow or urine from bladder back into ureters)

 

this backflow can cause bacterial or pressure to flow back into kidneys

 

 

Term
What happens to the bladder in a "blocked cat"?
Definition
the urine continues to flow into bladder due to peristalsis, bladder will increasingly distend until it ruptures (will not backflow)
Term
what is the inner lining of the bladder made of? (grossly) what is the difference between full and empty bladder of the two?
Definition

smooth mucosa

folded in empty

 

Term
the two ridges in interior of the bladder converge to to form ____________
Definition
urethral crest
Term
in between the two ridges of the interior bladder is what structure (never has folds)
Definition
trigone
Term

explain the difference of left and right kidney placement in a

A dog

B Pig

C Ruminant

D cat

Definition

A right more cranial (lies in lobe of liver), left is somewhat pendulous

 

B right more cranial (pole not in liver)

 

C both kidneys on right side (stomach pushed pendulous left kidney over)

 

D pendulous left kidney and total surface is covered by peritoneum (its mobile)

Term
What % of the cardiac output supplies kidneys?
Definition
20%
Term

how can you differentiate

between left and right kidney in a horse?

Definition
right is more heart shaped
Term
the nephron is the functional unit of the kidney T or F
Definition
F nephrons + collecting ducts
Term
what tubules make up loop of henle?
Definition
PST, TT, and DST
Term
what is the path of the glomerular filtration in renal corpuscle?
Definition

plasma in capillaries

--> endothelial pores

-->glomerular basement membrane

--> filtration silts (between podocytes)

-->glomerular filtrate in urinary space

Term

the junction of medulla with cortex can be marked by what type of arteries?

 

which are a branch of what arteries?

Definition

arcuate arteries

 

they branch from interlobar arteries

Term
the urine passes through calyces via opening of the tips of papillae known as _______________
Definition
area cribrosa
Term
what do the vasa recti supply?
Definition
peri-tubular capillary networks in the medulla
Term
Describe the motor innervation of the bladder
Definition

somatic (voluntary) is via the pudendal nerve when stimulated contracts the urethral muscle

 

autonomic (involuntary)

sympathetic via hypogastric nerve when stimulated relaxes detrusor muscle

parasympathetic via pelvic nerves which contract detrusor and muscle bundles/loops in bladder neck

Term

during retention of urine, what happens to the

A stretch receptors

B detrusor muscle of the bladder

C striated urethral muscle

 

(also mention NS throughout)

Definition

A gradually stimulated as bladder fills

 

B detrusor relaxes

(stimulation of sympathetic input)

 

C Striated urethral muscles contract

(by stimulation via pudendal nerve)

Term

during voiding of urine, what happens to the

A stretch receptors

B detrusor muscle of the bladder

C strated urethral muscle

 

(also mention NS throughout)

Definition

A Stimulation reaches threshold

 

B detrusor contracts

(stimulation of parasympathetic)

 

C Striated urethral muscle relaxes

(inhibition of pudendal nerve)

Term
which nerve allows for control of voiding of the bladder
Definition
pudendal nerve
Term
what is the main difference between male and female dogs of the external urethra orifice?
Definition

males- tip of the penis, is actually external to the body

 

females-internal, opens into vagina

Supporting users have an ad free experience!