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Relig 205 ISU Midterm
Religious Studies
114
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
10/11/2011

Additional Religious Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Henotheism
Definition
several deities exist, one is the most important
Term
Zazen
Definition
Zen Buddhism, "sitting meditation"
Term
Polytheism
Definition
several deities exist
Term
animism
Definition
spirits are found in everything
Term
pantheion
Definition
several deities arrange in a hierarchy
Term
monotheistic/monistic
Definition
only one deity exists
Term
theism
Definition
personal deities or deity who intervenes in the world
Term
deism
Definition
impersonal deity who does not actively intervene in the world
Term
pantheism
Definition
everything is deity, (Hinduism)(Body of God)
Term
panentheism
Definition
deity is in everything (god is in everything)
Term
atheism
Definition
no deities exist
Term
agnosticism
Definition
don't know if deities exist
Term
comprehensive approach
Definition
combination of partial approaches (descriptive, functionalist)
Term
Relegare
Definition
to bind closely together, to tie back
Term
religio
Definition
something done with over-anxious attention
Term
Sanatana Dharma
Definition
the eternal religion
Term
Brahma
Definition
creator god (Hinduism), oldest of Trimurti
Term
Brahman
Definition
everything, supreme universal spirit
Term
Brahmin
Definition
priest, top of caste
Term
twice born
Definition
top castes, Brahmins, warrior nobles, farmers merchants and artisans
Term
Shaktis
Definition
gods consorts or wives
Term
Saraswati
Definition
(Brahma) goddess of educations and arts, a muse
Term
Lakshmi
Definition
(Vishnu) every time Vishnu appears in a story, Lakshmi does too. Goddess of fortune, good luck & wealth, Queen
Term
Parvati
Definition
(Shiva) similar to Aphrodite or Venus, goddess of erotic love, Kali is alter ego in extreme form
Term
Vishnu
Definition
The preserver, takes on various incarnations or avatars, Rama and Krishna are most popular
Term
Shiva
Definition
the destroyer, master or yoga
Term
Bhakti
Definition
unconditional devotion to the god(desse)s
Term
Trimurti
Definition
"Triple Form" Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Term
Rama
Definition
(Vishnu) rescued Sita with help of Hanuman, and killed the demon Ravana, Sita is Lakshmi
Term
Krishna
Definition
(Vishnu) told epic poem Bhagavad-Gita to the warrior Arjuna
Term
lingam & yoni
Definition
used in worship of Shiva, phallic symbol of Shiva (lingam) and vulva of Parvati (yoni)
Term
Kali
Definition
(Parvati) helps Shiva destroy, the birth giver: Kali gives birth to everything
Term
Atman
Definition
true self, spiritual essence
Term
Maya
Definition
illusion, created by Brahman
Term
Karma (Hinduism)
Definition
actions and their consequences
Term
Samsara
Definition
cycle of rebirth, reincarnation
Term
Moksha
Definition
liberation or release from cycle of Samsara can be attained through various paths or Margas: Karma, Bhakti, Jnana
Term
Jiva
Definition
individual piece of your own soul
Term
Rig Veda
Definition
oldest of Hindu texts
Term
Vedas
Definition
Hinduism's scriptures
Term
Religion
Definition
an attempted explanation of the ultimate meaning of life, based on a a notion of the transcendent, and how to live accordingly. Normally contains 4 C's: creed, code, cult, community
Term
cosmology
Definition
understanding of the structure, shape and design of the universe
Term
Shinto
Definition
debate about it being "the" indigenous religion of Japan
Term
Amaterasu
Definition
sun goddess or spirit, from the left eye of Izanagi
Term
Izanami & Izanagi
Definition
all kami descended from original couple, Izanami: female who invites, Izanagi: male who invites
Term
Nihongi
Definition
The Chronicles of Japan, 2nd oldest book of classical Japanese history
Term
Kojiki
Definition
Chronicle of Ancient Events, oldest chronicle of Japan
Term
Kami
Definition
energies that animate nature, spirits
Term
Four Stages of Life
Definition
student, householder, forest dweller, world renouncer (Sannyasin), first three historically required, last is not
Term
Sannyasin
Definition
world renouncer, casteless
Term
Four Passing Sights
Definition
The Old Man, The Sick Man, The Dead Man, The Holy Man
Term
Bodhi
Definition
enlightenment
Term
Anatman
Definition
there is no soul
Term
Siddhartha Gautama
Definition
historically began Buddhism, aka Shakyamuni
Term
Shakyamuni
Definition
Siddhartha
Term
Digambaras
Definition
oldest, most conservative Jains
Term
Shvetambaras
Definition
other main sect of Jainism, less conservative
Term
Ahimsa
Definition
non-injury
Term
Aparigrapha
Definition
non-attachment
Term
Karma (Jainism)
Definition
sticky substance, like tar or glue, sticks to Jiva, all karma is undesirable
Term
Tirthankara
Definition
"Ford-finder" a human being who achieves moksha through asceticism and who then becomes a role-model and teacher for those seeking spiritual guidance.
Term
Mahavira
Definition
"founder" of Jainism, means great hero, aka Nataputta Vardhamana, 24th Tirthankara
Term
Jina
Definition
"victor" achieved state of supreme being, conquered inner enemies
Term
Nataputta Vardhamana
Definition
aka Mahavira, founder of Jainism
Term
Siddha-loka
Definition
supramundane realm of the soul, liberated souls with no karma bondings
Term
Sattva
Definition
purity, literally "existence, reality"
Term
Bodhisattva
Definition
being on the verge of becoming a Buddha, chose to delay becoming a Buddha in order to lead all other living beings into Buddhahood
Term
Nirvana
Definition
"to blow out" state of being free from suffering
Term
The Eightfold Path
Definition
correct view, correct intentions, correct speech, correct discipline, correct livelihood, correct effort, correct mindfulness, correct concentration/absorption
Term
Tripitaka
Definition
"three baskets" term to describe various Buddhist scriptures, Basket of Discipline - rules of conduct, Basket of Discourses - sermons of the Buddha, Basket of Higher Teaching - scholarly interpretations
Term
Dharma (Buddhism)
Definition
all of the Buddha's doctrinal ideas and practices (aka the ultimate reality of life) includes 4 truths for the spiritually noble
Term
Four Truths for the Spiritually Noble
Definition
1. All of life is suffering, 2. Desire is the cause of suffering, 3. To end suffering a person must end desire, 4. the eight fold path must be followed
Term
Sangha
Definition
community of monks and nuns
Term
libation
Definition
pouring liquid as an offering to a god or spirit
Term
Theravada (Hinayana)
Definition
oldest and most traditional type of Buddhism, bases ideas mostly on Tripitaka, way to enlightenment through meditation and detachment, Arhat
Term
Arhat
Definition
one who is worthy, only one Arhat alive at any time, Theravada
Term
Mahayana
Definition
means "big vehicle" umbrella term for dozens of other schools that are not strict followers of Theravada
Term
lama
Definition
guru
Term
Vajrayana
Definition
means "diamond vehicle" main type of Buddhism found in Tibet, extremely ritualistic
Term
Pure Land
Definition
simple form of Buddhism, for normal everyday people, only need to say phrase for salvation
Term
divination
Definition
to foresee, attempt to gain insight into a question or situation
Term
Tao Te Ching
Definition
"the way and its power" attributed to Lao Tzu but probably numerous authors
Term
Lao Tzu
Definition
Taoism tracked back to Lao Tzu, "Old Master"
Term
P'u
Definition
the uncarved block
Term
Wu-Wei
Definition
"effortlessness" "actionless action"
Term
Agni
Definition
Hindu god of fire
Term
Soma
Definition
ritual drink (Hinduism)
Term
Devas
Definition
a favorable supernatural entity (Hinduism), maintainers of the realms as ordained by Trimurti, often warring with Asuras
Term
Hatha Yoga
Definition
"force" exercise and breathing, Western Yoga
Term
Jnana
Definition
"knowledge" the way of contemplation, usually followed by ascetics, main techniques known as yoga
Term
Mantra
Definition
sound, syllable, word, or group of words that is considered capable of "creating transformation"
Term
Rishi
Definition
Vedas originally given to "Seers" or "Hearers"
Term
Koan
Definition
fundamental part of history of Zen Buddhism, Story, dialogue, questions, or statement
Term
myth
Definition
stories that enshrine religions and social ideas expressed through the activities of the divine, human or animal figures
Term
Sallekhana
Definition
self starvation
Term
avatar
Definition
appearnce or manifestation of Hindu gods
Term
Om
Definition
sacred/mystical syllable in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism
Term
Indra
Definition
king of the demi-gods or devas, Lord of Heaven, God of War, Storms, and Rainfall
Term
Asuras
Definition
power seeking deities, sometimes considered sinful, opposed to Devas
Term
Li
Definition
Appropriate action, ritual, propriety, etiquette.
Term
Bhagavad Gita
Definition
from the epic poem "Mahabharata" caste system based on it and other things
Term
Tapas
Definition
"fire" begins when meditating to burn away karma
Term
Tsumi
Definition
a Japanese word that indicates the violation of legal, social or religious rules
Term
Immanent
Definition
Existing and operating within nature.
Term
Transcendent
Definition
Not limited by the physical world.
Term
Sympathetic magic
Definition
An attempt to influence the outcome of an event through an action that has apparent similarity to the desired result — for example, throwing water into the air to produce rain, or burning an enemy's fingernail clippings to bring sickness to that enemy.
Term
puja
Definition
Offerings and ritual in honor of deity.
Term
Confucius
Definition
K'ung Fu-tzu, Confucius is westernized name, Confucius traced back to him, ultimately concerned with government didn't care much for religion
Term
Five Great Relationships
Definition
Father-son, Older brother-younger brother, husband-wife, elder-younger, Emperor-subject
Term
Three major religious orientations
Definition
sacramental - ritual, prophetic - preaching, morality, mystical - union with divine
Term
Margas
Definition
paths to achieve Moksha, end cycle of rebirth
Term
The Buddha Nature
Definition
all beings without exception are capable of attaining enlightenment
Term
Descriptive approach
Definition
attempts to summarize concisely the most important aspect of a religion that is perceptible by the senses (attempts to be empirical)
Term
Oral religion
Definition
very little or nothing written down, stories passed orally
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