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RELG 207
Islam
26
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 1
12/18/2006

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Term
Islam
Definition
Unique religion in that it named itself
Word means ‘submission’ and ‘surrender’
SLM- peace soundness and safety
A person’s total submission to the will of God
Gives the believer inner peace and soundness of nature
As well as expectations of safety from divine punishment and reward in the life to come
Muslim is a person who accepts Islam; the word means someone who surrenders and submits themselves to the will of God
To become a Muslim one is born to a Muslim family and a member of the Muslim community
Term
Shadah
Definition
Meaning of word is Testimony
Can also become a Muslim by reciting the Shadah ‘profession of faith’; ‘I bear witness that there is no god except God. I bear witness that Muhammad is messenger of God.’
Term
La ilaha ill ‘llah
Definition
There is no god but Allah/God (first part of Shadah)
Term
Three Fundamental Components of Islam
Definition
Monotheism
Prophecy
Afterlife
Term
Monotheism
Definition
Monotheism is the principle that all the prophets starting with Adam preached
All prophets preach the same religion
Allah; word to name God; no specific meaning; combination of ‘Al’ (God) and ‘ilah’ (the); The God; implies that it is the same one God who sent the prophets to warn humanity
All human kind are equally servants and subordinates of this one God; rejects human divinity
Term
Prophecy
Definition
Commissioning the prophets and sending sacred texts and messages to the prophets to bring humanity to the way of Allah
Muhhammad: Seal of the prophets; his title; The Last Prophet (Why?)
Prophets have NO divinity and cannot claim superiority or divinity
Term
Afterlife
Definition
Life of the Prophet Muhammad – Mecca and Madina period
Born 570 in Mecca
610 commissioned by God to preach Islam and received first revelations (40 yrs old)
immigrate to Yathrib (in Madina) 622
died 632
Every human being will be held accountable for their actions in life; judged on the day of judgment and be rewarded in heaven or punished in hell
Life on earth is not permanent but the after life is; immortality in the afterlife
Jabiliyya
Term
570 AD
Definition
Muhhammad Born in Mecca
Term
610 AD
Definition
Commissioned by God to preach Islam and received first revelations
He was 40 Years old
Term
622 AD
Definition
Immigrates to Yathrib
Hijra (Emigration)
Term
632 AD
Definition
Muhhammad Dies
Term
Hijra
Definition
Islam history; Islamic calendar starts with Hijarai (lunar colander)
Term
Five Pillars of Islam
Definition
Shadah
Five Times Prayer
Fasting During the Month of Ramadan
Obligatory Charity
Hajj - Pilgrimage
Term
Shadah
Definition
I testify that there is none worthy of worship except God and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of God."[40] As the most important pillar, this testament can be considered a foundation for all other beliefs and practices in Islam. Ideally, it is the first words a new-born will hear, and children are taught to recite and understand the shahadah as soon as they are able to. Muslims must repeat the shahadah in prayer, and non-Muslims must use the creed to formally convert to Islam

initiation or entrance; testimony with two componets
Term
Five Times Prayer (Salat)
Definition
each Muslim must perform a special prayer before sunrise, when the sun reaches the top (noon), the sun’s mid decline, right after sunset, late in the night
Term
Fasting during the month of Ramadan (Sawm)
Definition
Muslims must abstain from food, drink, and sexual intercourse from dawn to dusk during this month, and are to be especially mindful of other sins. The fast is meant to allow Muslims to seek nearness to God as well as remind them of the needy
Term
Obligatory Charity (Zakat)
Definition
Is giving charity to the poor and needy by able Muslims, based on the wealth that one has accumulated
It is a personal responsibility intended to ease economic hardship for others and eliminate inequality
Two Main Types: Zakat on Traffic and Zakat on Wealth
Term
Zakat on Traffic
Definition
is a per head payment equivalent to cost of around 2.25 kilograms of the main food of the region paid during the month of Ramadan by the head of a family for himself and his dependents
Term
Zakât on Wealth
Definition
covers money made in business, savings, income, crops, livestock, gold, minerals, hidden treasures unearthed, and so on.
Term
Payment of Zakat
Definition
Obligatory on all Muslims.In current usage it is interpreted as a 2.5% levy on most valuables and savings held for a full lunar year, if the total value is more than a basic minimum known as nisab (3 ounces or 87.48g of gold). At present (as of 16 October 2006), nisab is approximately US $1,750 or an equivalent amount in any other currency.
Term
Hajj: pilgrimage
Definition
Every Muslim who are financially able, must make this journey to Mecca once in a life time
Term
Koran
Definition
Foundation of Islam religion; highest authority
Word means ‘recitation’
Memorized and repeated by Muhammad
Went to the scribes to dictate the Koran
oFinal version of God’s prophecy; Islam accepts Gospels and Torah; Koran is the last and most perfect version of God’s words (114 chapters)
After Muhammad’s death some guy commissioned a council to make the Koran into a book
Second guy commissioned identical copies to be made of the Koran; originality and intactness of the Koran
Term
Gabriel
Definition
Angel who revealed the Koran to Muhammad over 23 years of Muhammad’s life
Term
Surah
Definition
the name of a ‘chapter’ in the Koran
Term
Sufism/Sufi
Definition
Islamic mysticism; mystic is a Sufi; emphasis the way of love of God as the principle of their lives; seek love of God with their actions
Term
Fitra/Fitrah
Definition
Islamic concept of human nature in it’s original state; every person is born in a ‘good condition’; human nature is fundamentally good; no state of original sin (Christianity); original sin, Adam and Eve committed a sin which is inherited; in Islam we do NOT inherit original sin
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