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Rel 100 Final Exam
Christianity/Islam
112
Religious Studies
Not Applicable
12/14/2011

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Term
Who was Jesus? 4th c. BCE to 30 CE
Definition
*the messiah
*healer
*was sent as God's son to die for everyone's sins
*repaired the world with his sacrifice
Term
Sin
Definition
Failure to live in harmony with God
Term
Original Sin
Definition
*human will has become corrupted
*Adam's disobedience brought death and sin
Term
What did christianity develope?
Definition
Christology
Term
Messiah
Definition
in christianity it is jesus
"annointed"
Term
Parable
Definition
analogy
short allegory used to illustrate or teach some religious truth, prinicple, or moral lesson
Term
Describe the Kingdom of God
Definition
*people care about each other
*poor are looked after
*religious rules do not over look human needs
Term
Who was Paul?
Definition
"apostle to the Gentiles"
*learned Jewish customs
*initially persecuted christians
*dramatic conversion
*letters to churches became a book in the bible
Term
Why and how did christianity separate from Judaism?
Definition
*separated b/c of the 2nd temple destruciton
*councils helped with separation
*could not make sacrifices, so created Christology
Term
Effect of the 2nd temple destruction on christianity
Definition
it separated from judaism
70 CE
Term
4 Gospels
Definition
"good news"
accounts of the life of Jesus
Term
Matthew's view of Jesus
Definition
for a Jewish audience, new Moses, fulfillment of prophecy
Term
Luke's view of Jesus
Definition
theme is universalism
Term
Christian rituals
Definition
baptism
eucharist
Term
What is Christology?
Definition
*developed after the 2nd temple was destructed
*4 gospels
*Jesus=sacrific
*Destruction=God's punishment
Term
Easter (pescha)
Definition
celebrates the resurrection of Jesus
Term
Pentecost
Definition
reception of the holy spirit
Term
Council of Jerusalem 48 CE
Definition
There was an arguement of whether converts should have to be circumcized and follow the Torah
Conclusion was that Gentile did not have to convert
Term
The New Testament
Definition
*has 27 books
*includes letters, acts, and revelation
Term
Who was Constantine?
Definition
*legalized christianity in 313(Edict of Milan)
*made Sunday a legal holiday
*sought to unify empire with
religion
*called the first ecumenical council
Term
Asceticism
Definition
practicing self-denial, self-mortification, abstinence, etc
Term
Concept of Trinity
Definition
*ONE God
*gods activity in relation to humanity
*"the sun is light and heat"
Term
What is God in Christianity?
Definition
The father, the son, and the holy spirit
Term
Holy Spirit
Definition
The relationship between God and Jesus
Lives in the heart of all believers
Term
Ecumenical Councils
Definition
Nicea
Chalcedon
Constantinople
Term
Council of Nicea 325
Definition
*1st Ecumencial council
*christ is fully god
*father and the son were co-eternal
Term
Council of Constantinople 381
Definition
*trinity=monotheism
*2nd Ecumencial council
*God is one of 3 persons: father, son, and holy spirit
*persons are not beings
Term
Council of Chalcedon 451
Definition
*4th Ecumencial Council
*declared that christ was fully human and fully god
Term
What are the 3 major branches of Christianity?
Definition
Catholic
orthodox
protestant
Term
What were the two major schisms?
Definition
orthodox and catholic
Term
Latin
Definition
language of the catholic church
Term
Icons
Definition
iconostasis
can be prayed to
religious paintings
shows how God rescues people
Term
Benedict of Nursia
Definition
most important western monastic movement
Term
Catholic Sacriments
Definition
confirmation, confession, marriage, ordinaiton, extreme unction
Term
Reformation of Christianity
Definition
Martin Luther
*1483-1546
*pope is not the judge
*man must judge himself
*printing press
Term
John Calvin
Definition
*human nature is basically sinful and irresistably drawn to evil
*god knows who will be saved and who will be damned
*No pictures or organ music in church
Term
Anglicans
Definition
16c
England
King Henry VIII (marriage)
unites old and new practice
church of england
Term
Anabaptists
Definition
switzerland
16c
"baptize again"
sign of interconversion
led ot Mennonite/Amish
Term
Baptists
Definition
17c
*england
*followed anabaptist believe in inner conversion
*baptism is for adults
*personal judgement
*freedom from government control
Term
Society of friends
Definition
*Quakers
*17c
*England
*founder=George fox
*ardent pacifists
*no clergy
*no ritual
*"peopel should quake at the word of God"
Term
Pentecostals
Definition
*focus on legitimate place of emotion in christian worship
*service includes speaking in tounges, crying, fainting, and other emotional responses
Term
Fundamentalism
Definition
Christian belief that the bible should be interpreted literally
has active support and reaches politics
Term
Church Year
Definition
Advent
Christmas
Epiphany
Holy Week
Pentecost
Term
Holy Week
Definition
week before easter
Term
2 major schisms
Definition
orthodox and catholic
Term
Differences between orthodox and catholic
Definition
*diverse language/latin
*emperor has power/pope has power
*pishops are equal/pope is above all
*holy spirit is the source from which everything issues/proceeds from the father and the sone
*Icons/no icons
*priest can marry/celebate priests
Term
Vatican Council II
Definition
*Decentralized Church
*endorsed dialogue with other religions
*consult with lay people
*simplify decorations
*reform liturgy
Term
Council of Trent at Italy 1545-1563
Definition
*affirmed church tradition
*Authority of popes
*7 sacriments
*celebration of mass in latin
*salvation by good works and faith
Term
apocalypticism
Definition
the belief that the world will soon come to an end; this belief usually includes the notion of a great battle, final judgement, and reward for the good
Term
Bible
Definition
New Testament and the Hebrew bible
Term
evangelist
Definition
"Good news person"
one of the four authors of the gospels--matthew, mark, luke, and john
Term
Lent
Definition
"lengthening day" "spring"
the preparatory period before easter, lasting forty days
Term
Muhammad's 1st revelation
Definition
610
Term
Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Yathrib
Hijra
Definition
622
Term
death of muhammad
Definition
632
Term
Death of ali and beginning of the Umayyad empire
Definition
661
Term
Karbala
Definition
680
Term
end of the umayyad empire and the beginning of the abbasid empire
Definition
750
Term
end of the abbasid empire
Definition
1258
Term
What is the Isamic view of Christianity and Judaism
Definition
*Christians and Jews have gone astray
*muhammad was sent to restore the true faith
Term
Meaning of Islam
Definition
surrender to God
Term
Meaning of Muslim
Definition
follower of allah
Term
Allah
Definition
The arabic word for God
Term
Islam Demography
Definition
2nd largest religion
1.3 billion followers
Term
Similarities between islam, christianity, and judaism
Definition
*came from the middle east
*one God
*Universal prophetic message
*angels
*satan
*judgement
Term
Prophet Muhammad
Definition
The ideal believer
Founder of Islam
Received a revelation at mount Hira
Term
Quran
Definition
*"recitation"
*God's words as revealed to and recited by Muhammad
*an authorized edition of the written words that appeared after muhammad's death
Term
Sura
Definition
*chapter of the Quran
*each one has a new traditional name, derived from an image or topic in it
Term
Mecca
Definition
*pre islamic trad and relious center
*made from a meteorite
*believed to have been sent from God
Term
Kaaba
Definition
*cube shaped shrine of mecca
*focal point for muslim's daily prayers and the annual pilgrimage
*before muhammad
Term
Miraj
Definition
*has only a vague reference in the Quran
*"ascension"
*muhammad was carried to jerusalem
*ascended to the seven heavens
*met with other prophets like Adam and Jesus
Term
Hijira
Definition
*"migration"
*journey of muhammad and his companions from Mecca to Medina
*Muhammad built a new community of faith
Term
Why is Hijira significant?
Definition
*Muslim dates were established
*community changed
Term
Umma
Definition
*the worldwide Muslim community
*community of a prophet
Term
Why was Yathrib, later called medina, responsive to the message of the Prophet?
Definition
*monotheistic influence of Jewish community
*Promise a new moral order
*neutral leader to resore order between tribes
Term
Qibla
Definition
*direction of prayer
*direction toward mecca
*direction toward which muslims pray
Term
When did the civil war start?
Definition
When 'Uthman died
Term
Shi'i
Definition
*minority branch of Islam
*says that Muhammad's genuine successors descended from his son-in-law Ali
Term
Hadith
Definition
*"recollection"
*report of tradition of the sayings and deeds of the prophet
*contains his excemplary practice or sunna
*2nd source of authority for muslims after the quran
Term
Sunna
Definition
*"troden path"
*originally tribal custom of preislamic arabs
*example of the way a muslim should live
Term
Who were the rightly guided Caliphs?
Definition
*Abu Bakr
*Umar
*Uthman
*Ali
Term
What were the major achievement of the caliphs?
Definition
*conquest of Arabia and Persia
*Definitive edition of the Quran (uthman)
*Developement of lunar calandar
*muhammad's unique position as seal of prophets
Term
Madhabs
Definition
schools of Jurisprudence
Term
What is sufism?
Definition
*"rough wool"
*islamic mysticism
*a group of devotional movements in Islam
*goal is unity with God
Term
What is the origin of the word Sufism?
Definition
It comes from the word suf (wool), they wore simple wool clothing
Term
What is the name of a Sufi master?
Definition
Sheykh
Term
What is the name of a Sufi brotherhood?
Definition
Tariqa
Term
Dhikr
Definition
"remembrance"
*Sufi group practice of invoking the name of Allah
*rememberance to Allah by reciting his name 99 times
Term
What are two famous Islamic Empires?
Definition
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
Term
Who are two important Mughal Empire leaders?
Definition
Akbar (tolerant)
Aurangzeb (not so tolerant)
Term
What are the 5 pillars?
Definition
-profession of faith (shahada)
-daily prayers (salat)
-alms (zakat)
-fasting (sawm)
-pilgrimage (hajj)
Term
Shahada
Definition
profession of faith
"there is no other God but Allah"
Term
Ramadan
Definition
*9th month of Muslim calandar
*muslims fast during the day
*celebrates the first revelation of Muhammad
*Ends with the feast of Eid al-Fitr
Term
Hajj
Definition
pilgrimage to mecca
Term
What was muhammad's tribe?
Definition
The Quraysh tribe
Term
The city of Mecca
Definition
*when Muhammad was born it was the center of religious pilgrimage
*contained a Kabah
Term
Why was Muhammad's message threatening to Mecca's culture at the time of his first revelation?
Definition
*he promoted the need for kindness, honesty, support of the poor, and protection of the weak
*did not support their polytheistic ways
*demanded the destruction of statues and images
*denounced their way of trading
Term
Why is the Hijira significant?
Definition
1. it is a time when muhammad's message becomes favorable
2. establishes the first islamic community (umma)
Term
What are the three most sacred cities of Islam?
Definition
Mecca, Jerusalem, and Medina
Term
How many times do Muslim people pray in a day?
Definition
5 Times
Term
What is Eid al-Adha?
Definition
The day of sacrifice
*celebrated during the month of Hajj
*every household is expected to make a sacrifice
Term
Women's Roles
Definition
*she is veiled when outside
*husband and family are only allowed to see her face
*only expected to socialize with female friends and relatives
*household work, but can keep a job
Term
Umayyad Empire
Definition
-661-750 CE
-administrative and military apparatus was adopted
-absorbed the cultural influence of Rome
Term
Abbasid Empire
Definition
-750 CE
-golden age of islam
-adopted a lot of persian influence
Term
Sunni
Definition
"tradition" "example"
-focus on the traditional teachings of Muhammad
-does not separate political life from religious life
-created a society surrounding their beliefs
Term
Shariah
Definition
"path"
-the whole body of Islamic law
-guides muslims' lives
Term
Who are the twelvers?
Definition
-imams
-12 successors
-1st was Ali
Term
Imams
Definition
-legitimate successor of the prophet
-particularly Ali and his successors
Term
Husayn
Definition
grandson of Ali
4th caliph, cousin of muhammad
Term
Quran during the Meccan period
Definition
suras are short
earliest suras are at the end
Term
Ashura
Definition
an important fast day for Sunni Muslims
Term
Karbala
Definition
an important fast day for Sunni Muslims
-the site of Ali's death
-pilgrimage site for Shiite Muslims
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