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Redox
Part of the Chemistry Review
20
Chemistry
Undergraduate 4
01/05/2017

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Term
oxidation
Definition
losing electrons X <--> Xn+ + n e
Term
reduction
Definition
gaining electrons Y + m e <--> Ym–
Term
redox
Definition
oxidation and reduction occuring simultaneously
Term
oxidizer aka oxidizing agent
Definition
a substance that causes oxidation in something else, but is itself reduced

basically steals electrons from another atom
Term
reducer aka reducing agent
Definition
a substance that causes reduction, but is itself oxidized
Term
oxidation state (or oxidation number)
Definition
the relative number of valence electrons in an atom as compared to a single atom of the element

the same as the charge for monoatomic ions
Term
oxidation number rules in order of precedent
Definition
1: For atoms in neutral compounds, the total of all oxidation numbers (ox#’s) is zero.

For polyatomic or isolated ions, the total ox# count = overall charge on the ion

2: All group 1 metals (Li, Na, K, …) have ox# = +1,

All group 2 metals (Be, Mg, …) have ox# = +2

3: fluorines in compounds have ox# = –1

4: hydrogens in compounds have ox# = +1
(exception: H bound to metal have ox# = –1)

5: oxygens usually have ox# = –2

6: In compounds with metals, group 7A elements have ox# = –1, group
6A elements have ox# = –2, and group 5A elements have ox# = –3.
Term
oxidation number of atoms in neutral compounds
Definition
the total of all oxidation numbers (ox#’s) is zero
Term
the oxidation number for polyatomic or isolated ions
Definition
For polyatomic or isolated ions, the total ox# count = overall charge on the ion examples: total ox#(Fe2+) = +2, total ox#(CO2) = 0 total ox#(CrO42-) = –2
Term
oxidation number of group 1 metals
Definition
+1
Term
oxidation number of group 2 metals
Definition
+2
Term
oxidation number of fluorines in compounds
Definition
-1
Term
oxidation number of hydrogens in compounds
Definition
hydrogens in compounds have ox# = +1
(exception: H bound to metal have ox# = –1)
Term
when H has an oxidation number of -1
Definition
when bound to metal
Term
the oxidation number of O
Definition
oxygens usually have ox# = –2
Term
in metals, group 5A elements have an oxidation number of...
Definition
-3
Term
in metals, group 6A elements have an oxidation number of...
Definition
-2
Term
in metals, group 7A elements have an oxidation number of...
Definition
-1
Term
maximum oxidation number of nonmetals
Definition
Group Number (old system)
Group Number – 10 (new system)
Term
minimum oxidation number of nonmetals
Definition
Group Number - 8 (old system)
Group Number – 18 (new system)
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