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Radiation Safety
Topics in Radiation Safety and Protection
12
Science
Professional
10/12/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the units of RADIOACTIVITY (both traditional and SI)?
Definition
Traditional: Curie (Ci)
SI: Becquerel (Bq)
Term
What are the SI and Traditional units for ABSORBED DOSE?
Definition

SI: Gray (Gy)

Traditional: Rad (Rad)

Term
What are the units (both US and SI) for DOSE EQUIVALENT?
Definition

Traditional: Rem (rem)

SI: Sievert (Sv)

Term
Name the units of RADIATION EXPOSURE (both Common and SI).
Definition

Common: Roentgen (R)

SI: Coulomb/Kilogram (C/kg)

Term
Convert the following:  1 Rad = ___ Gy
Definition
1 Rad = 0.01 Gy
Term
Provide the number of neutrons, protons and electrons in an ALPHA particle.
Definition
Alpha particle has 2 protons, 2 neutrons and 0 electrons.  It is essentially a highly energized Helium nucleus with a +2 charge.
Term
Describe an alpha particle in terms of Linear Energy Transfer (LET) and Penetrance.
Definition
Alpha particles have high LET (deposits lots of energy) but low penetrance (can be contained very easily within a small space or by minimal amounts of shielding).
Term
Beta - particles (negatrons) are emitted from nucleii with too many (protons/neutrons/electrons)
Definition
Beta - particles (negatrons) are emitted from nucleii with too many neutrons. The emission follows nuclear rearrangment whereby a neutron is converted to a proton followed by release of a beta minus particle from the nucleus
Term
Describe ALPHA, BETA MINUS, X-RAYS and GAMMA-RAYS in terms of: 1) Nuclear Mass, 2) Charge, 3) Point of origin, 4) LET, and 5) Penetrance.
Definition
Alpha (4 AMU mass, +2 charge, originates from heavy nucleii, high LET, can be stopped by a sheet of paper)
Beta minus (Low mass, -1 charge, originate from nucleii with too many neutrons, still considered low LET, can be stopped by plastic)
X-rays (No mass, No charge, originate from electron orbitals, low LET, high penetrance)
Gamma-rays (No mass, No charge, originate from energized nucleii, low LET, high penetrance)
Term
What is ALARA and from a practical standpoint, how are the principles of ALARA achieved?
Definition
As Low as Reasonably Achievable. Any amount of radiation is assumed to be potentially dangerous. Therefore we strive to keep exposure/dose as low as is reasonably achievable through managment of decrease TIME around a source, increased DISTANCE from a source and increased SHIELDING between you and the source.
Term
What is the definition for 'Deep Dose Equivalent' ?
Definition
Measured at 1 cm, the deep dose equivalent (HD) represents dose to the whole body from EXTERNAL radiation.
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