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Racial and Ethnic Relations
key terms for final
29
Sociology
Undergraduate 4
05/06/2009

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Term
Latinos
Definition
persons whose national origins (or whose ancestors' national origins) are in the countries of Latin America.

US Latinos are one of the two largest groups of Americans of color, along with African Americans.
Term
Braceros
Definition
seasonal farm workers on contract
Term
undocumented immigrants or "illegals"
Definition
immigrants without legal immigration papers
Term
maquiladoras
Definition
manufacturing operations in northern Mexico near the US border; take advantage of low-wage labor and weak environmental standards
Term
Chicano political movement
Definition
a social movement that sought greater political power and less discrimination for Mexican Americans; Chicanismo- pride in Chicano culture and heritage, want justice fairness, and equal rights; defining event: 1970 protest against Vietnam War in East LA
Term
transnationalism
Definition
refers to the phenomenon that immigrants who live aspects of their social, economic, and political lives in at least two settings; they establish themselves in their host countries while they continue to have political, economic, cultural, and social power in their countries of origin (dual-citizenship)
Term
culture of poverty
Definition
the stereotyped idea that poor people usually develop a defective and deviant subculture
Term
color coding
Definition
social stratification or discrimination based on skin color
Term
Mariel boatlift
Definition
the entry of 125,000 Cubans who came from Cuba to the United States in 1980
Term
Santeria
Definition
a type of syncretic religion that included aspects of both Catholicism and older African religions
Term
Asian American/Asian-Pacific American
Definition
umbrella terms for Americans with ancestral roots in Asia or the Pacific Islands
Term
model minority stereotype
Definition
characterizes certain Asian American groups as exemplary in socioeconomic and moral characteristics, often as compared to other people of color
Term
gunboat imperialism
Definition
imperialism backed by the use or threat of military force
Term
glass ceiling
Definition
an unwritten and unofficial policy in some organizations that limits the advancement of certain persons, usually based on their racial group or gender
Term
Hapa
Definition
people of mixed ancestry
Term
picture brides
Definition
Korean men sent their pictures to prospective brides in their homeland. Thus, marriages were arranged on the basis of photographs, without the bride and groom having met
Term
Orientalism
Definition
A uniformed and stereotypical way of thinking of Asian peoples. One common stereotype about Asian Americans is that they are basically the same, physically and culturally.
Term
panethnicity
Definition
the generalization of solidarity among ethnic subgroups; Asian solidarity
Term
Middle Eastern Americans
Definition
a term for Americans whose ancestry lies in any of the Middle Eastern countries
Term
Arab Americans
Definition
umbrella term that describes people from numerous Arab countries; one major group within the larger category of Middle Eastern Americans
Term
sojourner immigration
Definition
immigrants who planned to come to the US to make some money and then return home
Term
mediated assimilation
Definition
the process whereby Arab American organizations act as cultural filters to screen out some undesirable features of US culture
Term
multiculturalism
Definition
the idea that modern societies should include and accept diverse racial and ethnic groups with equal social and political status
Term
cultural diversity
Definition
acceptance of a variety of cultures; stresses the importance of respecting the many groups and subcultures contributing to the US development
Term
Apartheid
Definition
the rigidly institutionalized system of racial segregation and social, economic, and political inequality that invaded virtually every aspect of daily life in South Africa from 1948 until the 1990s
Term
Boers
Definition
white South Africans of Dutch descent
Term
Afrikaaners
Definition
white South African speakers of the Afrikaans language
Term
coloureds
Definition
the South African term for people of mixed black-white ancestry
Term
neocolonialism
Definition
the continuation of the economic and cultural dominance of the former colonial states
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