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quiz chapter 4
DIGITAL DIVIDE
51
Computer Science
Undergraduate 2
05/06/2015

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Term
ARPANET
Definition
A project started by the
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in
1969 as both an experiment in reliable
networking and a means to link the
DoD and military research contractors,
including many universities doing
military-funded research.
Term
Bluetooth
Definition
A wireless communications
specification that describes how
cell phones, computers, faxes, printers,
and other electronic devices can be
interconnected over distances of 10–30
feet at a rate of about 2 Mbps
Term
Broadband communications
Definition
A relative term but generally means a
telecommunications system that can
exchange data very quickly.
Term
Bus network
Definition
A network in which all
network devices are connected to a
common backbone that serves as a
shared communications medium.
Term
Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
Definition
A
markup language for defining the visual
design of a Web page or group
of pages.
Term
Centralized processing
Definition
An
approach to processing wherein all
processing occurs in a single location
or facility
Term
Channel bandwidth
Definition
The rate at
which data is exchanged, usually
measured in bits per second (bps
Term
Client/server architecture
Definition
An
approach to computing wherein multiple
computer platforms are dedicated to
special functions, such as database
management, printing, communications,
and program execution.
Term
Cloud computing
Definition
A computing
environment where software and storage are provided as an Internet service
and are accessed with a Web browser.
Term
Computer network
Definition
The communications
media, devices, and software
needed to connect two or more computer
systems or devices.
Term
Content streaming
Definition
A method for
transferring large media files over the
Internet so that the data stream of voice
and pictures plays more or less continuously as the file is being downloaded.

Stair, Ralph; Reynolds, George (2015-01-01). Fundamentals of Information Systems (Page 213). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.
Term
Decentralized processing
Definition
An
approach to processing wherein processing
devices are placed at various
remote locations.
Term
Distributed processing
Definition
An
approach to processing wherein processing
devices are placed at remote
locations but are connected to each
other via a network.
Term
Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Definition
The markup language
designed to transport and store data
on the Web.
Term
Extranet
Definition
A network based on Web
technologies that allows selected outsiders,
such as business partners and
customers, to access authorized
resources of a company’s intranet
Term
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Definition
A
protocol that provides a file transfer
process between a host and a remote
computer and allows users to copy files
from one computer to another.
Term
HTML tags
Definition
Codes that tell the Web
browser how to format text—as a
heading, as a list, or as body text—and
whether images, sound, and other elements
should be inserted.
Term
Hyperlink
Definition
Highlighted text or graphics
in a Web document that, when
clicked, opens a new Web page containing
related ccontent.
Term
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Definition
The standard page description
language for Web pages
Term
Instant messaging
Definition
A method that
allows two or more people to communicate
online in real time using the
Internet.
Term
Internet backbone
Definition
—the fiber-optic cables that span the globe
over land and under sea
Term
Internet censorship
Definition
The control
or suppression of the publishing or
accessing of information on the
Internet.
Term
Internet Protocol (IP)
Definition
A communication
standard that enables computers
to route communications traffic
from one network to another as
needed.
Term
Internet service provider (ISP)
Definition
Any organization that provides Internet
access to people
Term
IP address
Definition
A 64-bit number that
identifies a computer on the Internet
Term
Java
Definition
An object-oriented programming
language from Sun Microsystems
based on the C++ programming language, which allows applets to be
embedded within an HTML document.

Stair, Ralph; Reynolds, George (2015-01-01). Fundamentals of Information Systems (Page 198). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.
Term
Local area network (LAN)
Definition
A network
that connects computer systems
and devices within a small area, such
as an office, home, or several floors
in a building.
Term
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
Definition
A
standard for wireless communications
for mobile phones based on packet
switching.
Term
Mesh network
Definition
A network that uses
multiple access points to link a series of
devices that speak to each other to
form a network connection across a
large area.

Stair, Ralph; Reynolds, George (2015-01-01). Fundamentals of Information Systems (Page 181). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.
Term
Metropolitan area network (MAN)
Definition
A telecommunications network
that connects users and their computers
in a geographical area that spans
a campus or city
Term
Near field communication (NFC)
Definition
A very short-range wireless
connectivity technology designed for
cell phones and credit cards
Term
Network operating system (NOS)
Definition
Systems software that controls
the computer systems and devices on a
network and allows them to communicate
with each other.
Term
Network topology
Definition
The shape or
structure of a network that indicates
how the communications links and
hardware devices of the network are
arranged.

Stair, Ralph; Reynolds, George (2015-01-01). Fundamentals of Information Systems (Page 181). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.
Term
Network-management software
Definition
Software that enables a manager
on a networked desktop to monitor
the use of individual computers and
shared hardware (such as printers);
scan for viruses; and ensure compliance
with software licenses.
Term
Personal area network (PAN)
Definition
A
network that supports the interconnection
of information technology within
a range of 33 feet or so.
Term
Rich Internet application (RIA)
Definition
Software that has the functionality and
complexity of traditional application
software but that does not require local
installation and runs in a Web browser
Term
Search engine
Definition
A valuable tool that
enables you to find information on the
Web by specifying words that are key to
a topic of interest, known as keywords
Term
Software defined networking
Definition
An
emerging approach to networking that
allows network administrators to have
programmable central control of the
network via a controller without requiring physical access to all the network
devices.

Stair, Ralph; Reynolds, George (2015-01-01). Fundamentals of Information Systems (Page 188). Cengage Learning. Kindle Edition.
Term
Star network
Definition
A network in which
all network devices connect to one
another through a single central device
called the hub node.
Term
Telecommunications medium
Definition
Any material substance that carries an
electronic signal to support communications
between a sending and receiving
device
Term
Tunneling
Definition
The process by which
VPNs transfer information by encapsulating
traffic in IP packets over the
Internet.
Term
Ultra wideband (UWB)
Definition
A form of
short-range communications that
employs extremely short electromagnetic
pulses lasting just 50 to 1,000
picoseconds that are transmitted
across a broad range of radio frequencies
of several gigahertz.
Term
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
Definition
A Web address that specifies
the exact location of a Web page using
letters and words that map to an IP
address and a location on the host.
Term
Web
Definition
Server and client software, the
hypertext transfer protocol (http), standards,
and mark-up languages that
combine to deliver information and
services over the Internet.
Term
Web 2.0
Definition
The Web as a computing
platform that supports software applications
and the sharing of information
among users.
Term
Web browser
Definition
Web client software
such as Internet Explorer, Firefox,
Chrome, and Safari are used to view
Web pages
Term
Web log (blog)
Definition
A Web site that
people can create and use to write
about their observations, experiences,
and opinions on a wide range of topics.
Term
Web portal
Definition
A Web page that combines
useful information and links and
acts as an entry point to the Web; portals
typically include a search engine, a
subject directory, daily headlines, and
other items of interest. Many people
choose a Web portal as their browser’s
home page (the first page you open
when you begin browsing the Web).
Term
Wi-Fi
Definition
A medium-range wireless telecommunications
technology brand
owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance
Term
Wide area network (WAN)
Definition
A telecommunications
network that connects
large geographic regions.
Term
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX)
Definition
is a 4G
alternative based on a set of IEEE 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network
standards that support various types of communications access
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