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Chapter 19 Blood Vessels
40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/10/2010

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Term
What organs are involved in maintaining blood pressure?
Definition
Heart, Blood Vessels, Kidneys
Supervision of the brain
Term
What are the main factors influencing blood pressure?
Definition
Cardiac Output
Peripheral resistance
Blood volume
Term
What is the formula for blood pressure
Definition
BP=COxPR
Blood pressure varies directly with CO, PR, and Blood volume
Term
Vasomotor center
Definition
a cluster of sympathetic neurons in the medulla that oversees changes in blood vessel diameter
Term
How does the vasomotor center maintain blood vessel tone
Definition
It innervates smooth muscles of blood vessels, especially arterioles
Term
Cardiovascular center
Definition
Vasomotor center plus the cardiac centers that integrate blood pressure control by altering cardiac output and blood vessle diameter.
Term
Cardiac Output is determined by _______ return and _________ and hormonal controls
Definition
Venous return neural and hormonal controls.
Term
Resting heart rate is determined by the
What nerve? What part of the brain?
Definition
Cardioinhibitory center
Vagus nerve (medulla oblongata)
Term
Stroke Volume is controled by
Stroke volume also known as?
Definition
Controled by venous return
End diastolic volume
Term
When under stress, what center is activated?
Definition
the cardioacceleratory center
Term
When activated, what does the cardioacceleratory center do?
Definition
Increases heart rate, increase stroke volume, and increase Mean Arterial Pressure
Term
What are 2 systems are involved in the Cardiovascular Center?
Definition
Cardiac Center, Vasomotor Center
Term
Cardiac center function?
Definition
Adjust force and rate of heart contraction to meet body needs
Term
Vasomotor Center function?
Definition
Changes blood vessel diameter to regulate blood pressure
Term
What two things modify vasomotor activity?
Definition
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors (O2, CO2, and H+)
Term
Where are baroreceptors located?
Definition
in carotid sinus, Ascending aorta, and Aortic Arch
Term
Where are Chemoreceptors located?
Definition
in carotid and aortic bodies.
Term
Chemoreceptors monitor what 3 things?
Definition
pH, CO2, and 02 levels
Term
What stimulates the cardioinhibitory center?
Definition
Increased Blood Pressure
Term
What does the cardioinhibitory center do?
Definition
-stimulates increased vessel diameter
-Decreases heart rate, cardiac output, peripheral resistance, and blood pressure.
Term
What stimulates the cardioacceleratory center?
Definition
Declining blood pressure.
Term
What does the cardioacceleratory center do?
Definition
Increase cardiac output
Increase peripheral resistance
Term
Stimulates the vasomotor center to constrict blood vessels
Definition
Low Blood Pressure
Term
What are the 2 prominent chemoreceptors?
Definition
Carotid body
Aortic body
Term
Where are the reflexes that regulate BP integrated?
Definition
Medulla
Term
What are chemoreceptors sensitive to?
Definition
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
Term
What are the higher brain centers that can also Modify BP via relays to meudulla centers
Definition
Cortex and hypothalamus
Term
What 4 chemicals increase blood pressure?
Definition
Adrenal Medulla hormones
Antidiuretic hormone
Angiotensin II
Endothelium derived factors
Term
Adrenal Medulla hormones
Definition
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine (increase)
Term
Antidiuretic hormone ADH
Definition
causes intense vasoconstriction in cases of extremely low BP (INCREASE BP)
Term
Angiotensin II
Definition
Kidney release of renin; generates angiotensin II which causes VASOCONSTRICTION
Term
Endothelium derived factors
Definition
Endothelin
Prostaglandin derived growth factor
(Vasoconstrictors)
Term
What 4 chemicals decrease BP
Definition
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Nitric Oxide
Inflammatory chemicals
Alchohol
Term
Atrial Natriuretic peptide
Definition
causes blood volume and pressure to decline
Term
Nitric Oxide
Definition
is a brief but potent vasodilator
Term
Inflammatory chemicals
Definition
Histamine
Prostacyclin
Kinins
Potent vasodilators
Term
Alcohol
Definition
causes BP to drop by inhibiting antidiuretic
Term
What is a long term mechanism to control BP
Definition
Alter blood volume
Term
What does increased BP stimulate the kidneys to do?
Definition
Eliminate water thus reducing BP
Term
What does Decreased BP stimulate the kidneys to do?
Definition
Increase blood volume and BP
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