Matching:

____ Forceful emptying of stomach and intestinal                 contents through the mouth

____ Cycling of chyme out of stomach and into                     esophagus

____ Usually presents with hypersalivation and                     tachycardia

____ Lack of desire to eat despite physiologic stimuli

A. Nausea

B. Retching

C. Anorexia

D. Vomiting

D. Vomiting

B. Retching

A. Nausea

C. Anorexia

1. Deep inspiration => decreased intrathoracic pressure, esophageal distention
2. Abdominal muscles contract => increase pressure
3. LES & body relax
4. Duodenum and antrum of stomach spasms
5. Reverse peristalsis => chyme moves into esophagus 
6. Diaphragm forced up into abdominal cavity => forces UES to open
7. SNS stimulation => Tachycardia, tachypnea, sweating
8. PNS stimulation => salivation, increased gastric motility, relaxation of UES and LES

Neurogenic disorders of large intestine

low-residue diet

sedentary life-style

hypothyroidism

consistent suppression

excessive use of antacids

opiates

dehydration

False

Diarrhea is an increase in fluidity and volume of feces, and/or fluidity and volume of feces

Water content of the colon

Presence of unabsorbed food

Intestinal secretions

How many liters of luminal contents travels through your intestines per day and how is it divided up between ingested and intestinal secretions?

a. 7L, 1L ingested, 6L intestinal secretions

b. 7L, 6L ingested, 1L intestinal secretions

c. 9L, 2L ingested, 7L intestinal secretions

d. 9L, 7L ingested, 2L intestinal secretions

How much fluid is absorbed, and where is it absorbed?

False

A large volume of diarrhea means excessive water and/or secretions. A small volume of diarrhea means excessive intestinal motility.

Matching: 

____ More localized and intense

____ Nonabsorbable substance draws excess water into         the intestine

____ Chemical mediators and edema and vascular                 congestion

____ Inadequate time for digestion

____ Poorly localized with a radiating pattern

____ Excessive mucosal secretion

____ Increased concentrations of tissue metabolites

____ Pain felt at some distance from affected organ

____ Abdominal organs are sensitive to stretching and           distension

a. Osmotic Diarrhea

b. Secretory Diarrhea

c. Motility diarrhea

d. Mechanical abdominal pain

e. Inflammatory abdominal pain

f. Ischemic abdominal pain

g. Parietal abdominal pain

h. Visceral abdominal pain

i. Referred abdominal pain

g. Parietal abdominal pain

a. Osmotic Diarrhea

e. Inflammatory abdominal pain

c. Motility diarrhea

h. Visceral abdominal pain

b. Secretory diarrhea

f. Ischemic abdominal pain

i. Referred abdominal pain

d. Mechanical abdominal pain

False

It would be considered lower GI bleeding

True. 

Bleeding from the jejunum, ileum, colon or rectum is considered lower GI bleeding

True

All of the following could be defined as acute gastrointestinal bleeding EXCEPT:

a. Hematemesis

b. Melena

c. Hemothorax

d. Hematochezia 

Matching:

____ inflammation of the gums

____ tooth decay

____ inflammation of the oral cavity

____ purulent discharge from gum

____ smal, painful, superficial ulcer surrounded by                 narrow red zone

____ abscessed tooth

____ infection associated with roots of teeth

a. stomatitis

b. canker sores

c. periodontitis

d. gingivitis

e. pyorrhea

f. peripheral abscess

g. caries

d. gingivitis

g. caries

a. stomatitis

e. pyorrhea

b. canker sores

f. peripheral abscess

c. periodontitis

False

Intrinsic mechanical obstruction originates within the esophageal wall or lumen.

Extrinsic mechanical obstruction originates outside the esophagus and narrows the lumen by pushing against it.

Which of the following diseases of the esophagus causes LES to fail to open properly:

a. carcinoma of the esophagus

b. cardiospasm

c. incompetent LES

d. strictures

b. cardiospasm

Carcinoma of the esophagus is an esophageal tumor that usually invades surrounding tissues (trachea).

Incompetent LES is an inability of the LES to remain closed properly

All of the following are risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux EXCEPT: 

a. individuals with weak esophageal peristalsis

b. gastric or duodenal ulcers which lead to pyloric edema

c. incompetent LES

d. strictures that narrow the pylorus

e. hiatal hernia that weakens the LES

False

Heartburn only occurs with reflux esophagitis

It occurs when the upper portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm.

The two different types are sliding (through the esophegeal hiatus) and paraesophageal (through a secondary opening in the diaphragm

Which of the following are signs of a hiatal hernia: 

a. asymptomatic

b. reflux

c. dysphagia

d. heartburn

e. sternal discomfort

f. all of the above are symptoms of a hiatal hernia

False

Acute Gastritis is the erosion of the surface epithelium of the gastric mucosa.Usually superficial.

False

Antral chr. gast. is 4x more frequent than fundal  chr. gast., not 2x

False

Normal adults process nine liters of luminal contents per day, two liters of it being ingested and seven liters are intestinal secretions.

Matching:

____ abnormal communication between two tubes

____ difficulty swallowing

____ inflammation of the gums

a. acute gastritis

b. anorexia

c. canker sore

d. carinoma of esophagus

e. cardiospasm

f. chronic antral gastritis

g. chronic fundal gastritis

h. cleft lip

i. cleft palate

j. dysphagia

k. fistula

l. gingivitis

m. hiatal hernia

n. lower GI bleeding

o. motility diarrhea

p. stricture

q. upper GI bleeding

k. fistula

j. dysphagia

l. gingivitis

Cycling of chyme out of the stomach and into the esophagus is called

a. anorexia

b. nausea

c. retching

d. vomiting

If a person lacks the enzyme lactase and ingests lactose, the lactose will not be digested and absorbed by the intestines. This will result in

a. motility diarrhea

b. osmotic diarrhea

c. secretory diarrhea

d. none of the above

b. osmotic diarrhea

Inflammation of the tooth roots is called

a. carries

b. gingivitis

c. periapical abscess

d. periodontitis

e. pyorrhea

reflux esophagitis may be defined as

a. a normal physiologic response

b. an autoimmune response to gastroesophageal reflux

c. an inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux

d. a secretory response to gastroesophageal relflux

Neurogenic disorders of large intestines

low-residue diet

sedentary life style

hypothyroidism

consistent suppresion

excessive use of antacids

opiates

dehydration

What is stomatitis?

Smoking

Habitual use of NSAID's

Alcohol and/or caffeine consumption

Helicobactor pylori

Excessive psychological stress

Close family history of peptic ulcer disease