Term
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Definition
always causes response
airpuff |
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Term
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Definition
originally neutral stimulus, after conditioning causes the conditioned response
bell |
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Term
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Definition
always results from unconditioned stimulus
blinking in response to airpuff |
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Term
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Definition
after conditioning results from conditioned stimulus
blinking everytime she hears the bell |
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Term
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Definition
| type of learning where neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings our response |
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Term
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Definition
occurs when similar situations trigger similar responses
(little albert became scared of other white furry things) |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when organisms learn to differentiate between similar situations |
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Term
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Definition
voluntary behavior
controlled by responses
response is either strengthened or weakened depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences |
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Term
| what school of psych is operant conditioning from? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a consequence that increases the probability that a behavior will occur |
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Term
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Definition
when the desired behavior occurs the aversive stimulus is removed.
(anxiety is removed by taking alcohol or drugs) |
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Term
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Definition
buy one get one free
reinforcement after every N number of responses |
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Term
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Definition
slot machine
reinforcement after an average of every N number of responses |
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Term
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Definition
weekly sale
reinforcement after every T period of time |
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Term
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Definition
radio contest
reinforcement after an average of every T time intervals |
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Term
| average length of memory chunk? |
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Definition
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Term
| categories of long term memory |
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Definition
explicit:
episodic (personal, events)
semantic (general, info, facts)
implicit:
procedural (skills and habits)
emotional |
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Term
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Definition
| interference in which information learned earlier disrupts the recall of newer material |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty in the recall of information learned earlier because of later exposure to different material |
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Term
| levels of processing theory |
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Definition
| deeper the level of processing when material is being learned the greater the chances of remembering it |
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Term
| area in the brain for memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| representativeness heuristic |
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Definition
| judging the probability of an event by how representative or likely it seems while ignoring other such as base rate |
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Term
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Definition
| judging the probability of an event by how available if its in memory |
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Term
| stages in problem solving |
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Definition
| preparation, production, judgment |
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Term
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Definition
| think one's first solution is correct |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to fixate on strategy or one aspect of a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| focus on only one use of an object |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
smallest linguistic unit that has meaning
ex. "s" at end of word > cats |
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Term
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Definition
| rules of grammer (structure of language) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| ambiguity of meaning (lexical or semantic) |
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Definition
two meanings can be attached to the same word or group of words
"gunshot victim critical" |
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Term
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Definition
sentence seems to have one meaning by turns out to be different as you read on
"mary took a picture of the man with the new iphone" |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when you speak, words come out in linear order |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| chomsky's theory about language |
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Definition
| children born with language acquisition device that is innate |
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Term
| skinner's theory about language |
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Definition
| actual language acquisition occurs through reinforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| single general factor that underlies all abilities |
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Term
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Definition
| non verbal tasks/intelligence |
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Term
| crystallized intelligence |
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Definition
| specific abilities verbal intelligence |
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Term
| development theory about language |
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Definition
| genetically determined innate mechanism directs language development. universal grammar. |
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Term
| behaviorist theory about language |
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Definition
| language is a learned skill, following principle of reinforcements |
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Term
| gardner's 8 multiple intelligences |
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Definition
| verbal, logical, spatial, musical, body kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic |
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Term
| how are types of identical twins determined |
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Definition
| by number of placentas and number of amniotic sacs |
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Term
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Definition
| share one placenta with 2 amniotic sacs |
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Term
| monochorionic monoamniotic |
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Definition
| share one placenta and one amniotic sacs |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 placentas and 2 amniotic sacs |
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Term
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Definition
| first 2 weeks, new cell formed by egg and sperm |
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Term
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Definition
2-8 weeks
heart, brain, other internal organs |
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Term
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Definition
8 weeks-birth
continued growth, responsive to stimuli |
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Term
| avoidant attachment style |
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Definition
| avoids or ignores the mother |
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Term
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Definition
| reunites happily with mother |
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Term
| anxious-resistant attachment style |
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Definition
| punish mother for leaving |
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Term
| disorganized attachment style |
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Definition
| odd,unpredictable reactions |
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Term
| vygotsky's theory of development |
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Definition
learn better in groups
focuses on social factors in intellectual development
regards development as facilitated by "scaffolding"
children can learn by in the zone of proximal development |
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Term
| process starts for girls 10-12 and boys 12-14 |
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Definition
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Term
| kolhberg's theory contributes to the brain |
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Definition
| emotions take place when asked would you push a guy off the bridge in front of a train to save people |
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Term
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Definition
| way of resolving ego identity vs. diffusion issue. way of resolving identity crisis of adolescence |
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Term
| genetic programming theory |
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Definition
lifespan limit set by heredity
specific genes control aging process |
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Term
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Definition
aging is in accomulation of damage
changes occur in random fashion |
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Term
| issues in end-of-life care |
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Definition
patients right to die (do not resucitate)
physician assisted suicide
pain management at end of life
providing support to caregivers & survivors |
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Term
| principles of reversibility |
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Definition
| idea that actions can be undone |
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Term
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Definition
| able to imagine hypothetical situations that are not present in the here and now. |
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Term
| area of brain responsible for retrievement of material |
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Definition
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Term
| Deese-Roediger-McDermott phenomenon |
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Definition
presnt lists of related words in a category
high rates of susceptibility
applied to studies of eating disorder
learning disabilities
recall of alien abduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Cards labeled D or K and 3 or 7. Flip D and 7 |
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Term
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Definition
love is very important; did study on how monkeys who are orphans would look and want love
when frightened, went to towel that looks like a monkey rather than food
chose mother over food |
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Term
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Definition
twins separated at birth,but they're both alike genetically.
one, both are police officers,
another, they both fall in love at 16.
20s got married, had miscarriages at the same stage, children in 20s
and fear of blood and falling |
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Term
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Definition
(sensory + motor)
birth - 2 years |
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Term
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Definition
(limited reasoning)
7-12 years |
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Term
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Definition
(prior to operations)
2-7 years |
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Term
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Definition
(fully logical)
12 years + |
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Term
| kohlberg's theory of development |
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Definition
stages of moral reasoning
ratings of the individual are based on answers to questions about a moral dilemma |
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Term
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Definition
shared standards, rights, and duties.
right or wrong
moral fairness |
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Term
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Definition
performing right roles
laws |
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Term
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Definition
values in external events
rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| conditioned response suddenly reappears when conditioning stimulus is present |
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Term
| if you don't encode you can't.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| stores auditory information coming from the ears |
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Term
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Definition
| a mistake in source memory in which the person is unable to remember where an earlier event took place such as who told you something |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| physical and cognitive changes |
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Definition
| can be slowed and reversed through activity and good health habits (ex. diet & exercise) |
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Term
| personality and social changes |
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Definition
| many experience growth & fulfillment; but those who don't can still change their life course |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| older adults prefer to withdraw from society |
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Term
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Definition
| adults remained satisfied when socially involved |
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Term
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Definition
| older adults reevaluate past lives and achieve greater self understanding |
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Term
| why should you avoid garden path ambiguity? |
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Definition
| takes longer to understand |
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Term
|
Definition
| intelligence related to overall success in living |
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Term
|
Definition
| information you hold in conscious awareness, containing the verbal store, the visual store, and central executive. |
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Term
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Definition
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