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PY 303
Chapter 2
33
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
02/21/2011

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Motivation
Definition
the force that moves people toward desired outcomes
Term
Goal
Definition
a desired outcome; something one wishes to achieve or accomplish
Term
Motive
Definition
a high-level goal fundamental to social survival
Term
Attention
Definition
the process of consciously focusing on aspects of our environment or ourselves
Term
Automaticity
Definition
the ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance one it's put into motion
Term
Willpower
Definition
the self-control strength used to overcome counterproductive impulses to achieve difficult goals
Term
Exemplar
Definition
a mental representation of a specific episode, event, or individual
Term
Schema
Definition
a mental representation capturing the general characteristics of a particular class of episodes, events, or individuals
Term
Priming
Definition
the process of activating knowledge or goals, of making them ready for use
Term
Chronically Accessible
Definition
the state of being easily activated, or primed, for use
Term
Attitudes
Definition
favorable or unfavorable evaluations of a particular person, object, event, or idea
Term
Emotion
Definition
relatively intense feelings characterized by physiological arousal and complex cognitions
Term
Moods
Definition
relatively long-lasting feelings that are diffuse and not directed toward particular targets
Term
Counterfactual Thinking
Definition
the process of imagining alternative, "might have been" versions of actual events
Term
Self-Concept
Definition
a mental representation capturing our views and beliefs about ourselves
Term
Self-Esteem
Definition
our attitude toward ourselves
Term
Social Comparison
Definition
the process through which people come to know themselves by comparing their abilities, attitudes, and beliefs with those of others
Term
Reflected Appraisal Process
Definition
the process through which people come to know themselves by observing or imagining how other view them
Term
Self-Perception Process
Definition
the process through which people observe their own behavior to infer internal characteristics such as traits, abilities, and attitudes
Term
Self-Regulation
Definition
the process through which people select, monitor, and adjust their strengths in an attempt to reach their goals
Term
Self-Presentation
Definition
the process through which we try to control the impressions people form of us
Term
Affordance
Definition
an opportunity or threat provided by a situation
Term
Descriptive Norm
Definition
a norm that defines what is commonly done in a situation
Term
Pluralistic Ignorance
Definition
the phenomenon in which people in a group misperceive the beliefs of others because everyone acts inconsistently with their beliefs
Term
Injunctive Norm
Definition
a norm that describes what is commonly approved or disapproved in a situation
Term
Scripted Situation
Definition
a situation in which certain events are expected to occur in a particular sequence
Term
Individualistic Culture
Definition
a culture that socializes its members to think of themselves as individuals and to give priority to their personal goals
Term
Collectivistic Culture
Definition
a culture that socializes its members to think of themselves in terms of their relationships and as members of the larger social group, and to prioritize the concerns of their relationship partners and groups before their own
Term
Person-Situation Fit
Definition
the extent to which a person and a situation are compatible
Term
Socialization
Definition
the process whereby a culture teaches its members about its beliefs, customs, habits, and language
Term
Walter Mischel
Definition
"delay of gratification and success in life"
Term
Cognitive Appraisals
Definition
our feelings are influences strongly by how we appraise our situations
Term
The Person and The Situation
Definition
1) Different people respond differently to the same thing

2) Situations choose the person (tall people to play basketball)

3) The person chooses the situation

4) Different situations prime different parts of the person (different goals or motives)

5) The person changes the situation

6) Situations change the person

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