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Pulmonary Function Assessment
PFA
33
Pharmacology
Pre-School
01/04/2010

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Cards

Term
blood gas source
Definition
radial artery
Term
failure level for arterial oxygen
Definition
<50mm Hg or a drop > 10-15
Term
arterial CO2 levels
Definition
36-42, >50 resp failure causing pH <.3
Term
capillary blood gases that can be accurately measured
Definition
pH and pCO2
Term
pulse oximetry measure
Definition
uses light to determine what percentage of hemoglobin is saturated
Term
pulse oximetry critical levels
Definition
<94% requires oxygen, possibly slightly lower; with chronic oxygen deficiencies somewhat lower
Term
spirometry
Definition
accurately tests lung capacity
Term
Forced Vital Capacity clinical level of reduction
Definition
20%
Term
FEV1 (1 second forced expiratory volume) clinically significant level
Definition
20% reduction
Term
FEF25-75 (Forced Expiratory Flow 25% - 75% of vital volume) clinically significant reduction
Definition
30%
Term
PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate) clinically significant reduction
Definition
30%
Term
FEV1/FEC clinically significant ratio
Definition
20%
Term
diffusing capacity
Definition
carbon monoxide used to determine rate of gase diffusion across alveolar capillary membrane
Term
PC20
Definition
airway hyperreactivity; FEV1 measured, find concentration of provocative agent that drops FEV1 by 20% or greater (histamine, methacholine)
Term
parasympathetic innervation of the lungs
Definition
vagus cholinergic neuron, NCNA
Term
sympathetic innervation of the lungs
Definition
adrenergic neuron (non-innervated)
Term
chemical causes of dyspnea
Definition
diabetic ketoacidosis
Term
central causes of apnea
Definition
brain lesion
Term
allergic inflammation cause of asthma
Definition
Th2 immune response; mediated by IgE, iNKT synthesis and abnormal t-cell response
Term
reactions in asthmatic airways
Definition
smooth muscle hypertrophy; desquamization of epithelium, replaced by goblet cells; mucus plugging
Term
activity at biphasic asthma response
Definition
1st hour, due to release of inflammatory mediators; 4-20 hours: hyperreactivity of airway smooth muscle
Term
asthma quick relief medications
Definition
beta agonists, anti-cholinergics, systemic steroids
Term
long-term asthma management medication
Definition
leukotriene modifiers; corticosteroids; cromolyn; long-acting beta-agonists; theophylin
Term
prednisone, prednisolone in asthma management
Definition
very effective against allergic inflammation but significant systemic SE
Term
mediators of beta agonists in asthma managment
Definition
cAMP inhibits MLCK and opens K+ channel
Term
Salmetrol in asthma management
Definition
weak anti-inflammatory action; allows persistent cAMP production (point confusing/unintelligible)
Term
Zileutin
Definition
5-LOX inhibitor, leukotriene modifier
Term
Pranlukast, Zafirlukast, Montelukast
Definition
leukotriene D-4 antagonists
Term
5-LOX inhibitors and LTD4 inhibitor action
Definition
leukotrienes have mild vasoconstrictive properties, used as asjuncts to other therapy to reduce amounts of beta agonists needed
Term
methylxanthines/theophylline MOA
Definition
inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and antagonism of receptor mediated activities of adenosine
Term
cromones (sodium cromoglycate) MOA
Definition
inhibition of mast cell mediator release; furosemide shares some of this action as they both inhibit Cl- channels
Term
COPD treatments, bronchodilators
Definition
anticholinergics (M1 and M3) ipratropium and oxitropium; long acting beta agonists Salmeterol and fometerol; methylxanthines
Term
COPD anti-inflammatories
Definition
corticosteroids, methylxanthines
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