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Psychology- 5th Ed. Nairne
chapter 11 vocab
26
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
10/07/2010

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Term
motivation
Definition
the set of factors that initiate and direct behavior, usually toward some goal
Term
emotions
Definition
psychological events involving (1) a physiological reaction, usually arousal; (2) some kind of expressive reaction, such as a distinctive facial expression; and (3) some kind of subjective experience, such as the conscious feeling of being happy and sad
Term
instincts
Definition
unlearned characteristic patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering stimuli in the world
Term
drive
Definition
a psychological state that arises in response to an internal physiological need, such as hunger or thirst
Term
homestasis
Definition
the process though which the body maintains a steady state, such as a constant internal temperature or an adequate amount of fluids
Term
incentive motivation
Definition
external factors in the environment that exert pulling effects on our actions
Term
achievement motive
Definition
an internal drive or need for achievement that is possessed by all individuals to varying degrees
Term
intrinsic motivation
Definition
goal-directed behavior that seems to be entirely self-motivated
Term
need hierachy
Definition
the idea popularized by Maslow that human needs are prioritized in a hierarchy
Term
glucose
Definition
a kind of sugar that cells require for energy production
Term
insulin
Definition
a hormone released by the pancreas that helps pump nutrients in the blood into the cells, where thy can be stored as fat of metabolized into needed energy
Term
leptin
Definition
a hormone that may regulate the amount of energy stored in fat cells
Term
set point
Definition
a natural body weight, perhaps produced by genetic factors, that the body seeks to maintain
Term
obesity
Definition
a weight problem characterized by excessive body fat
Term
anorexia nervosa
Definition
an eating disorder diagnosed when an otherwise healthy person refuses to maintain a normal weight level because of an intense fear of being overweight
Term
bulimia nervosa
Definition
an eating disorder  in which the principal symptom is binge eating (consuming large quantities of food) followed by purging, in which the person voluntarily vomits or uses laxatives to prevent weight gain
Term
excitement phase
Definition
the first component of the human sexual response cycle; it's characterized by changes in muscle tension, increased heart rate and blood pressure, and a rushing of blood into the genital organs
Term
plateau phase
Definition
the second stage in the human sexual response cycle. arousal continues to increase, although at a slower rate, toward a preorgasm maximum point
Term
orgasmic phase
Definition
the third stage in the human sexual response cycle. it's characterized by rhythmic contractions in the sex organs; in men, ejaculation occurs. there is also the subjective experience of pleasure, which appears to be similar for men and women
Term
resolution phase
Definition
the fourth and final stage in the human sexual response cycle. arousal returns to normal levels. for men, there is a refractionary period during which further stimulation fails to produce visible signs of arousal
Term
sexual scripts
Definition
learned cognitive programs that instuct us on how, why, and what to do in our interactions with sexual partners
Term
sexual orientation
Definition
a person's sexual and emotional attraction to members  of the same sex or the other sex; homosexuality, heterosexuality, and bisexuality are all sexual orientations
Term
facial-feedback hypothesis
Definition
the proposal that muscles in the face deliever signals to the brain that are then interpreted, depending on the pattern, as a subjective emotional state
Term
James-Lange theory
Definition
a theory of emotion that argues that body reactions precede and drive the subjective experience of emotions
Term
Cannon-Bard theory
Definition
a theory of emotion that argues that body reactions and subjective experiences occur together, but independently
Term
two-factor theory
Definition
a theory of emotion that argues that the cognitive interpretation, or appraisal, of a body reaction drives the subjective experience of emotion
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