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Psychology
Chapter 7 Exam
85
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/12/2010

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Term
The scientific study of the changes that occur in people as they age from conception to death is called ________.
Definition
Human development
Term
Which of the following is a main disadvantage of the cross-sectional design?
Definition
Individuals of different ages are being compared to one another
Term
How did Vygostky think children learned best?
Definition
social interaction with higher skilled learners
Term
Which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial crises revolve around the child's learning to direct his or her own behavior?
Definition
autonomy versus shame and doubt
Term
Humans have a total of ____ chromosomes.
Definition
46
Term
________ babies in Ainsworth's study were clinging and unwilling to explore, very upset by the stranger regardless of the mother's presence, protested mightily when the mother left, were hard to soothe, and had mixed reactions upon mother's return.
Definition
ambivalent
Term
By about 12 months, most infants ________.
Definition
build a vocabulary of one-word phrases
Term
Older people who were often labeled as "senile" in the past were most likely suffering from ________.
Definition
Alzheimer's disease
Term
Rod-shaped structures in the cell nucleus that contain genes are referred to as _________.
Definition
chromosomes
Term
Vision and hearing begin to decline in the ...
Definition
thirties
Term
When does marital satisfaction appear to reach its highest level?
Definition
possibly during late adulthood
Term
Define object permanence.
Definition
knowing objects are still there even though they can't be seen.
Term
George, at age 42, lost his job, was divorced by his wife, and couldn't seem to keep friends for very long. George came more and more to feel that he was accomplishing nothing with his life. According to Erikson, George is probably:
Definition
experiencing feelings of stagnation
Term
According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, when bargaining fails, ______ usually results.
Definition
depression
Term
As an infant, Liz never liked change, but if you introduce new things gradually, she will eventually accept them without too much fuss. Liz is most likely...
Definition
easy.
Term
Professor Grant is interested in studying the development of a sense of humor. She collects data from groups of 6-year-olds, 16-year-olds, 26-year-olds, and 46-year-olds. What type of research design is Professor Grant using?
Definition
cross-sectional design
Term
A decline in testosterone in the mid twenties is called ...
Definition
andropause
Term
Which of the following statements about adult ADHD is true? (a) children with ADHD almost always grow out of it by adulthood; (b) medication is not recommended as a treatment for adult ADHD; (c) ADHD adults rarely need any treatment at all; (d) the symptoms of ADHD in adulthood are similar to those in children
Definition
(d) the symptoms of ADHD in adulthood are similar to those in children
Term
Which of the following statements is true? (a) by trying to protect people from the unpleasant realities of death, we may actually increase their fear of it; (b) Kubler-Ross believed that American culture is death affirming; (c) Kubler-Ross believed that only a few people follow the five-stage model of the dying process; (d) some critics question the universality of the Kubler-Ross model
Definition
(d) some critics question the universality of the Kubler-Ross model
Term
In the ________ reflex, the baby moves its head toward any light touch to its face.
Definition
rooting
Term
What is the emotional bond that forms between an infant and a primary caregiver called?
Definition
attachment
Term
Which of the following statements about adolescence is FALSE? (a) it ends when puberty is complete; (b) it is a time during which the young person is no longer a child but is not yet an adult; (c) it is a time of preoccupation with one's own thoughts; (d) it begins with the onset of puberty
Definition
(a) it ends when puberty is complete
Term
Differences between age groups would cause the most serious problems for which developmental method? (a) cross-sectioanl; (b) cross-sequential; (c) longitudinal; (d) cross-cultural
Definition
(a) cross-sectional
Term
The spongelike organ that provides nourishment for the growing baby and filters away waste products is called the...
Definition
placenta
Term
Lawrence Kohlberg is noted for his theories of _______ development.
Definition
moral
Term
The vast majority of older adults are (a) sexually active, but no longer orgasmic; (b) sexually active and orgasmic; (c) uninterested in sex, even if capable of sexual activity; (d) impotent of incapable of sexual response
Definition
(b) sexually active and orgasmic
Term
A sense of completeness of one's ego, or identity, is called...
Definition
integrity
Term
The drug most abused by pregnant women is __________.
Definition
alcohol
Term
Erik knows that the Saint Bernard is a large dog instead of a little pony. This is an example of what Piaget called __________.
Definition
accommodation
Term
Today's worker may change careers as many as ________ times.
Definition
five to seven
Term
According to Kohlberg, most adolescents are at the _______ level of morality.
Definition
conventional
Term
The fertilized egg cell is called a _____.
Definition
zygote
Term
Children diagnosed with Downs Syndrome have ... (in regards to chromosomes)
Definition
an extra chromosome in the 21st pair
Term
Vygotsky defines _________ as the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with help.
Definition
zone of proximal development
Term
Piaget's term for the knowledge that an object exists even when it is out of sight is __________.
Definition
object permanence
Term
The description and explanation of behavior changes in the individual and the differences between the individuals from conception to death is called ________.
Definition
the life-span development approach
Term
The design that combines the two other development designs is called _______.
Definition
cross-sequential
Term
Which of the following describes the embryonic period?
Definition
the period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop
Term
"Experience is the key to all knowledge" is associated with ______.
Definition
empiricism
Term
_______ refers to heredity and _________ refers to environmental influences.
Definition
nature; nurture
Term
A man beat up two men who had raped his daughter. If you were asked, "was the old man right to do this?" which answer would be HIGHEST according to Kohlberg's level of moral development?
Definition
the man was right according to his belief that his daughter had been unjustly wronged, and he was correcting this wrong
Term
Each of the following is a main theme of one of Kubler-Ross' five stages in accepting one's own death except ______. (a) anger; (b) loneliness; (c)acceptance; (d) depression
Definition
(b) loneliness
Term
Which of the following statements concerning vaccinations is true? (a) there is no reason to immunize one's own child if all of the other children in school are immunized; (b) vaccines are one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of the diseases they treat; (c) the side effects of vaccins are more harmful than the effects of the diseases they prevent; (d) children who are given an immunization can get the disease from it
Definition
(b) vaccines are one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of the diseases they treat
Term
Which group of retired men would be MOST likely to consider "women's work" demeaning? (a) physicians; (b) college professors; (c) upper middle-class men; (d) working-class men
Definition
(d) working-class men
Term
What is the period of pregnancy in which the zygote moves down to the uterus?
Definition
germinal
Term
The life-span development approach has which of the following goals? (a) explain the results of learning from conception to death; (b) describe the physical changes that occur between birth and adolescence; (c) describe and explain behavior changes within an indivdual and differences between indivduals from conception to death; (d) investigate the influence of heredity and enviroment upon individuals from conception to death
Definition
(c) describe and explain behavior changes within an individual and differences between individuals from conception to death
Term
The correct sequence of the five stages of death and dying postualed by Kubler-Ross is ________.
Definition
denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance
Term
What is the correct order for Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?
Definition
sensory-motor, preoperational, concrete operations, formal operations
Term
A psychologist spends her entire career studying how and why changes occur in people as they get older. This psychologist is most likely a(n) _______ psychologist.
Definition
developmental
Term
Erik Erikson found that each stage in personality development has a particulur _________.
Definition
crisis
Term
A researcher tries to reconstruct a person's past by interviewing the person and by consulting various other sources that relate to the person's life. This method of conducting research is called the ________ approach.
Definition
biographical
Term
Which of the following concepts was NOT used by Piaget? (a) critical period; (b) schema; (c) accommodation; (d) assimilation
Definition
critical period
Term
The period of development from conception to birth is called the ______.
Definition
prenatal period
Term
What is a weakness associated with longitudinal research?
Definition
it costs a lot in terms of time and money
Term
Erikson saw the major challenge of young adulthood as that of _________.
Definition
intimacy versus isolation
Term
What is an advantage of longitudinal research?
Definition
it can measure stability of behavior
Term
The belief that one is the center of the world is called, by Piaget:
Definition
egocentrism
Term
At birth, babies... (in regard to colors)
Definition
can distinguish most, but not all, colors
Term
Which theorist believe that people go through stages, each of which has a "crisis" associated with it?
Definition
Erikson
Term
Jean Piaget is noted for his theory of _________.
Definition
cognitive development
Term
Based on Piagetian theory, which of the following relationships is NOT correct? (a) formal operations --egocentrism; (b) sensorimotor--developing object permanence; (c) concrete operations--have attained conservation; (d) preoperational--animism
Definition
(a) formal operations--egocentrism
Term
What is the correct order of the developmental sequence?
Definition
ovum, embryo, fetus, infant
Term
Which of the following is a false statement? (a) babies cannot hear until after they are born; (b) babies have the ability to match vision and hearing; (c) in some ways, infants are better at distinguishing sounds than adults are; (d) newborns will turn their heads toward a sound source
Definition
(a) babies cannot hear until after they are born
Term
Gloria was born prematurely. Gloria may be able to live out of her mother's body if: (a) she was in the 7th or later month of her prenatal development; (b) she had passed her age of viability; (c) she was born less than 2 months before she was due; (d) all of the above
Definition
(d) all of the above
Term
Metamemory is defined as...
Definition
learning how memories work
Term
What is a mental concept formed through experiences with objects and events?
Definition
scheme
Term
Which is not included in the four critical areas of adjustment for a newborn? (a) reflexes; (b) digestion; (c) respiration; (d) circultaion
Definition
(a) reflexes
Term
Cells have a certain number of times to reproduce before damage is done. This is the definition for: (what theory)
Definition
wear and tear theory
Term
Which kind of attachment would be where a baby doesn't react to a return or leave of a loved one?
Definition
avoidant
Term
Telegraphic speech is?
Definition
stringing words together to form short simple sentences
Term
Traits which are typical of sex but not directly concerned with reproduction are called _________.
Definition
secondary sexual characteristics
Term
Betty and Bob are 12-year-old twins. What is probably an accurate statement about their physical development? (regarding their height and weight)
Definition
Betty may be taller and heavier than Bob
Term
The development of secondary sex characteristics: (A) occurs only in boys; (b) provides external signs of the approach of puberty; (c) occurs only in girls; (d) is directly concerned with reproduction
Definition
(b) provides external signs of the approach of puberty
Term
According to Erik Erikson, the crucial task conrtoning a person approaching death is that of establishing or attaining _________.
Definition
ego integrity
Term
The cessation of menstruation is called _________.
Definition
menopause
Term
T or F : The idea of scaffolding was part of Vygotsky's theory.
Definition
True
Term
T or F : There are Five Motor Milestones
Definition
False
Term
T or F : The science of heredity is called genetics.
Definition
True
Term
T or F : Nature and nurture both factor into determining development.
Definition
True
Term
T or F : Monozygotic twins are often called fraternal twins.
Definition
False
Term
All of the following are motor milestones in infant development except (a) rolling over; (b) walking; (c) running; (d) sitting up
Definition
(c) running
Term
Which of the following phenomena is most closely associated with the concept of critical period? (a) classical conditioning; (b) imprinting; (c) creolization; (d) motor programs
Definition
(b) imprinting
Term
Research indicates that onset of puberty _________. (regarding how soon or late it occurs)
Definition
is occurring at earlier ages than ever before in developed countries
Term
The most obvious change ushering in adolescence is _________.
Definition
growth spurt
Term
The pattern of events that is repeated in each new generation is referred to as the __________.
Definition
family cycle
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