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Psychology #3
emotion/psychopathology
61
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/11/2011

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Cards

Term

2 types of emotions?

when is peak happiness?

Definition
  1. positive
  2. negative

6-7 hours after being awake, neg. stays the same throughout day

Term
Catharsis Hypothesis?
Definition
  • venting anger through actions or fantasy achieves an emotional release or "catharsis"
  • however it increases anger and aggression
Term
brain areas involved in fear?
Definition
thalamus and amygdala
Term
3 theories of emotion
Definition
  1. James - Lange - arousal then emotion
  2. Cannon - Bard - arousal and emotion are simultaneous
  3. Singer and Shacters 2 factor - arousal with cognitive label then produces emotion
Term
psychological disorders
Definition
  • persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, or actions
Term
biopsychosocial perspective?
Definition
assume that biological, socio-cultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders
Term
Medical model perspective? 4 steps
Definition
  1. Etiology: cause and development of disorder
  2. diagnosis: identifying symptoms
  3. treatment: psych ward/meds
  4. prognosis: forecast about the disorder
Term
what is the DSM IV?
Definition

diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

 

over 300 disorders. part of APA

"Bible" (no explanation)

Term
five axies?
Definition
  1. clinical syndrome(16)
  2. personality disorder or mental retardation?
  3. general med. condition?
  4. are there psychosocial, environmental issues?
  5. assessment of functioning (0-100)
Term
prevelance vs. incidence?
Definition
  • prevelance - the number of people who currently have the condition
  • incidence - the annual number of people who have a case of the condition
Term
Neurosis vs. Psychosis
Definition
  • Neurosis - imaginable but not as bad
  • Psychosis - hallucinations, hospitalized

neurotics build castle's in the sky, but psychotics live in them

Term

Adjustment Dis

Anxiety Dis

Cognitive

Developmental

Definition
  • adjust - extreme emotional reaction to something recent
  • anxiety - fear
  • cognitive - memory and cognition
  • dev - first diagnosed in development

 

Term

mood dis

personality dis

psychotic dis

dissociative dis

eating dis

factitious dis

 

Definition
  • mood - depression, bipolar
  • person - rigid maladaptive personality
  • psycho - loss of contact w/ reality (halluc)
  • diss - separation from memory and identity
  • fact - faked (munchenson)
Term

impulse control dis

sexual/gender identity dis

sleep dis

somatoform dis

substance related dis

Definition
  • impulse - harmful impulse behaviors
  • somato - physical symptoms arising from psychological problems
Term
is depression genetic?
Definition
yes. identical twins are 30% more likely to be depressed than fraternal twins
Term
a reduction of which NT's cause depression
Definition
Norepinephrine and serotonin
Term
what plays a major role in the depression cycle to cause depression
Definition
negative explanatory style
Term

Bipolar disorder is a type of?

symptoms?

PET shows?

Definition
  • mood disorder
  • no control over major highs or lows
  • mania more likely to be aware of depression coming on
  • PET shows brain has higher energy consumption in mania
Term
which is more severe: Bipolar 1 or 2?
Definition
bipolar 1
Term
5 anxiety disorders?
Definition
  • generalized anxiety dis
  • panic dis
  • phobia
  • OCD
  • post-traumatic stress dis
Term

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Definition
  • Difficult to control worry
  • excessive worries about activities in life
  • uncontrolled tenseness and aprehension
  • autonomic arousal
Term
Panic Disorders
Definition
  • panic attack - minute long episodes of intense dread which may include terror, chest pains, choking, etc...
  • worried about more attacks and their social impact
  • change behavior to avoid attacks
Term
Phobias
Definition
  • persistent, unreasonable fear cued by anticipation of objects or situation
  • person knows fear is excessive
  • avoid object/situation
Term

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

obsession?

compulsion?

Definition
  • obsession - reoccuring thoughts
  • compulsion - reoccuring actions often to neutralize the obsession
Term
Post traumatic stress dis
Definition
  • sleep problems
  • flashbacks
  • nightmares
  • 4 or more weeks after
  • social withdrawal
Term

Axis II: Personality disorders

3 clusters (ABC)?

Definition
  • impair social functioning w/o anxiety, depression, or dellusions
  • A - perceived as odd or eccentric
  • B - dramatic,emotional,erratic
  • C - anxious or fearful
Term
Antisocial personality disorder
Definition
  • lack of conscience of wrong doing, even towards friends and family members
  • socipath/psychopath
  • 11% reduced activity in the frontal lobe
Term
Borderline Personality Disorder
Definition
  • come here, go away shifts in mood
  • lack of coherent sense of self
  • unpredictable, impulsive
Term
Dissociative Disorder
Definition
  • prolonged loss of memory or identity
  • multiple personality or dissociative identity disorder
Term

eating disorders

body dysmorphic disorder

Definition
  • anorexia, bulimia, more common in women
  • can't stop thinking about a flaw in appearance
  • frequent examination of self
  • comparative
Term
Schizophrenia is a disturbance of... 4 things?
Definition
  1. language or thought
  2. perceptions (hallucinations, dellusions)
  3. emotion or mood
  4. behavior
Term
5 subtypes of schizophrenia?
Definition
  1. Paranoid - dellusions/halluciantions
  2. Disorganized - speech, behavior, emotion
  3. Catatonic - immobile, repeating
  4. Undifferentiated - many varied symptoms
  5. Residual - withdrawal after halluc/dellusions disappear
Term
origins of schizophrenia?
Definition
  • genetics
  • social
  • cognitive
  • brain dysfunction
  • biochemical factors( 5-10 years later, major deficits in brain activity)
Term
2 major approaches to therapy?
Definition
  • biomedical
  • psychological
Term
3 Biomedical therapies?
Definition
  1. surgery
  2. ECT
  3. psychopharmalogical
Term

First lobotamy?

cingulotamy is good for treating?

Definition
  • 1935
  • OCD
Term

ECT first in?

2 types?

effective for?

Definition
  • 1938
  • unilateral and bilateral
  • depression and mania
  • 150 volts of shock to the brain
Term
transcranial magnetic stimulation?
Definition
  • pulsating magnetic coil is placed over prefrontal regions of the region to treat depression.
  • FDA approved
  • 40 min sessions for 4-6 weeks

 

Term

psychopharmacology? created in?

side effects?

  -tardive diskinesia?

Definition
  • 1955
  • lock jaw, heart palpations
  • quick movements
Term
Three types of antidepressants?
Definition
  1. MAOI
  2. tricyclics
  3. SSRI's -block reuptake of serotonin
Term
4 psychological approaches to therapy?
Definition
  1. psychodynamic
  2. humanistic
  3. behavioral
  4. cognitive
Term

Psychodynamic approach?

 

manifest content

latent content?

Definition
  • free association - ink blot (Freud)
  • dream analysis

-manifest - things that you say

-latent - things u dig deep for

Term
Humanistic approach?
Definition
  • CArl Rogers "client centered Therapy"
  • primary therapy task =empathy
Term
Behavioral approach?
Definition
  • systematic desensitization ("no" anxiety)
  • exposure therapy
Term
Cognitive approach?
Definition
  • problems caused by bad thoughts
  • therapy promotes different ways of thinking based on the fact that our thoughts contribute to our emotional response to an event.
  • most common
Term

lens

applied

empirical

Definition
  • lens - focus on the individual in context
  • applied - study real world problems
  • empirical - study in lab or more naturalistic( observe in natural environment)
Term
evaluation apprehension
Definition
  • we learn that social rewards and punisments that we recieve from people are based on their evaluations of us
Term
fundamental attribution error?
Definition
  • tendency to attribute other’s actions to dispositional factors and our actions to situational factors
Term

social cognition?

3 social cognitions

Definition

social cog - the process of how we notice, store, remember, then later use social info

  1. false consensus effect - believe that others share our beleifs
  2. magical thinking - thinking that doesnt hold up to reality
  3. counterfactual thinking - what mighthavebeen
Term
stereotypes?
Definition
  • belief that all members of a group share certain characteristics
Term

we tend to...... differences in between groups

we tend to ..... differences within our group

Definition
  • overestimate
  • underestimate
Term

prejudice?

causes?

Definition
  • negative feelings toward a group of people based solely on their group identity
  • stereotypes
  • ultimate attribution error - bias of a group based on a couple people
  • competition
  • ingroup favoritism
Term
sheriffs robbers cave?
Definition

2 groups of campers that bonded in separate groups and formed favoritism for their group

 

then when tried to end prejudice with cooperative activities it didnt work. group polarization remained

Term

milgram exp.

asch study

stanford prison

Definition

mil - shock study

asch - line test

prison - role play that went wrong

Term

foot in the door?

cognitive dissonance?

Definition

FITD - accepting to do something small for someone and then being more willing to do something of larger magnitude for them.

 

CD - disconfort when actions dont line up with beliefs, therefore poepl change attitudes to line up with actions

Term

normative social influence

informative social influence

Definition
  • n - the need to be liked
  • I - the need to be right
Term
what strengthen conformity?
Definition
  • high number of pple
  • make person feel insecure
  • admiration
  • No prior committment
Term
social impact theory?
Definition
  • strength of influence changes with distance, and number of people.
Term

social facilitation

deinduviduation

Definition

sf - performance improved in a group

di - loss of self awareness and self restraint in group situations

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