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Psychology Test 1-Class Notes
Class Notes
81
Psychology
Undergraduate 3
01/30/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is Psychology
Definition
Study of brain, behavior, mental health, relationships, development
Term
Cognitive
Definition

Very broad "How one thinks"

Learning motivation, language, memory, problem solving, sensation and perception.

Term
Developmental
Definition

Study of psychology across a life span

-Development of moral reasoning; social development; issues around death and dying.

Term
Behavioral Neuroscience
Definition

How brain, mind, behavior are interconnected.

Study of what mechanisms meditation alters the brain.

Term
Biopsychology
Definition

Relationship between bodily systems, chemicals, though, and behavior.

-such as stress, testosterone.

Term
Personality Development
Definition

Study of personality

Can a person's personality change?

What can cause this change?

Term
Social Psychology
Definition
How others affect us-can be a real or imagined person.
Term
Clinical
Definition

Study of psych disorders and their treatment; promotion of psych health.

 Largest Sub-disipline

Term
Health
Definition
How do psych behaviors affect physical health/illness
Term
Educational
Definition

Factors of school combines many different disciplines

-social, cognitive and developmental health

Term
Industrial/Organization
Definition

Psych factors in a workplace

How does communication skills affect an employees morale?

Term
Sports Psychology
Definition

Psych factors in sports/exercise

-How can players maintain focus at an away game?

Term
Forensic
Definition

Combines psych/law/criminal justice

-Commonly do psychological evaluations.

Term
What is science?
Definition
Logic? Common Sense? Observation?
Term
Science is cumulative
Definition
You try to find what you're looking at 
Term
Science is a process more than a product
Definition

Observing phenomena and test it

-Set it up so that it could be falsified.

Term
Scientific Method
Definition

Observing something

Predict a hypothesis

Test the hypothesis

Interpret the data that you receive from the testing

Communicate the results

Replicate the findings (with a small difference)

Term
Principles of research design
Definition

1st step: identify amount of population

sample

population

all people

Term
Descriptive Studies
Definition

NO predictions

Case study- Jane Goodall

Naturalistic Observations

Interviews

Surveys

Term
Surveys
Definition
Most common type of descriptive studies
Term
Correlation Studies
Definition
Relationship between 2+ variables
Term
Correlation Coefficient (r)
Definition

Strength and direction (nature) of relationship

How closely are the variables related and in what way?

Positive correlations

Negative correlations

Term
Experimental Studies
Definition

Manipulation of the IV

Measurement of the DV

Random assignment

Control groups and placebos

 

Term
Issues in Experimental Design
Definition

Confounding Variables

Social Desirability Bias

Experimenter Effects

Experimenter expectancy effects

Single-Blind v. Double Blind Studies

Term
Quasi-Experimental Design
Definition

Experimental Design with no random assignment

Naturally occuring groups

 

Term

Meta-Analysis

 

Definition

Study of studies!

Magnitude of effect (effect size)

Term
Three main types of measurements used
Definition

Self-report measures

Bahvioral measures

Physiological Measures

Term
Self-report measures
Definition

Interviews and Questionnaires

 

Term
Behavioral Measures
Definition
Systematic Observations
Term
Physiological Measures
Definition
Determines Psychological states
Term
Descriptive statistics
Definition
Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, normal distribution.
Term
Inferential Statistics
Definition

Testing Hypothesis

How likely is a sample score to occur in a population

T-Test

Many types of inferential statistics but this is the most common.

Term
Ethical Research with Humans
Definition

Informed Consent

Respect for Persons

Beneficence

Privacy

Justice

IRB Approval

Term
Deception
Definition

Can be used if: 

Fully justified

Part of research design

No alternative

PArticipants are debriefed

Term
Research with animals
Definition

Standard in humane treatment

Different "IRB"

Term
Nervous System
Definition
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Term
Central Nervous System
Definition
Brain and spinal cord
Term
Peripheral Nervous System is made up with two parts
Definition
Somatic Nervous System (arousing), and Parasympathetic Nervous System (Calming)
Term
"I get nervous when I see a bear"
Definition
Sympethetic Nervous System
Term
Cells of the Nervous System
Definition
Glial Cells, Neurons
Term
Glial Cells
Definition
Just there for support
Term
Neurons
Definition
Sensory Neurons, Motor Neurons, Mirror Neurons, Interneurons
Term
Aceltylcholine (Ach)
Definition

Slows ANS Activity

Eating/Drinking

Neuromuscular junction

LEarning and Memory

Sleep and Dreaming

*It slows things down

*It does have some activity in central nervous system

Term
Dopamine
Definition

Arousal and mood

Voluntary Muscle Movement

Excess correlates with psychosis

Term
Epinephrine
Definition

Increases ANS activity- simpathetic 

Fight- or flight psychosis

Adrenalin

Term
E
Definition
Term
Norepinehrine
Definition

Acts on the Central Nervous System

Increases alertness and attention

Drugs that treat ADHD

Term
Serotonin
Definition

Mood, sleep, eating, temperature regulation

Deficit leads to depression and anxiety

Most linked to depressive

Term
Gaba (gamma-aminobutic acid)
Definition

Primary excitatory neurotransmitter

Increases CNS activity 

Learing and Memory

May be involved in schizophrenia

Impact that ectasy has on glutamate

Term
Enzymatic Degradation
Definition

Enzymes bind with the neurotransmitter and destroy it 

Used for common neurotransmitters that are easy for the body to produce

Term
Reuptake
Definition

Neurotransmitters is transported back to the presynaptic neuron to be stored in the vesicles

Used for neurotransmitters that are more difficult for the body to produce.

Term
Cingulate Gyrus
Definition

This is important with emotion

Important with perception of pain

When you are excluded socially

It senses when something is wrong

Term
Corpus Callosum
Definition
It connects the two brain hemispheres in order to communicate
Term
Forebrain
Definition
Cortex
Term
Midbrain
Definition
As the rudimentary sensory
Term
Cerebellum
Definition

Coordinating Muscle Movement

Involved in Motor LEarning and Behaviors

Projections in many parts of the brain

Term
Pons
Definition

Bridge between brain stem and rest of the brain

Regulates sleep

Sets general level of arousal

REgulates level of alertness

Term
Medulla
Definition

Regulates Breathing, heart rate, heart beat

you need this to live!

If it is damaged you DIE!

Term
Amygdala
Definition

Fear response

Something was bad, so you will remember it

That is why it is connected to the hippocampus

Term
Thalamus
Definition

Center of the brain

Almost all the senses go to that place and it sent out to the appropriate place

Term
Basal Ganglia
Definition
Voluntary Motor Movement
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition

Interacts with endocrine system

Eating, sexual behavior

below the thalamus

regulating hormones

Regulating temperature

Term
Hippocampus
Definition

Involved in the formation of the new memories

Case of HM- in the book

 

Term
Partial Lobe
Definition

Help Navigate space

Part of the brain that makes mental presentations of things

Blends some of the functions of the frontal lobe

Term
Occipital Lobe
Definition

Allows you to see color

Orientation of lines

Consciously see what things are

Term
Frontal Lobe
Definition

Plan out behaviors

To Problem solve

To sustain attention

Planning for the future

Involved in personality

Purpose of the frontal lobe is to inhibit behaviors

Term
Temporal Lobe
Definition

Process auditory information

involved with memory

involved in hearing loss

Term
Motor Cortex
Definition
Right hemisphere of the brain
Term
Somatosensory Cortex
Definition
Left hemisphere of the brain
Term
Broca 
Definition

Important for the production of language

By the motor cortex

If damaged you can produce words but you can't understand others.

 

Term
Wernicke
Definition

Important for understanding language

Right up by the temporal lobes

If damaged people can produce things that sound like words but no one can understand what they are saying

Term
Neuroplasticity
Definition

Difference in plasticity

Changes over time

Neurogenius

Synaptogenesis

Term
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Definition

Little sensors that can pick up electro activity

Only can find out things from the cortex

One of the oldest measures and one of the cheapest

Looking at brain function

Term
MRI
Definition

Picks up structures

Just shows what the brain looks like.

No indication of how it is functioning

Term
FMRI
Definition

Similar to an MRI machine

It is giving you the structure of the brain in a picture but also shows magnetic field of what is going on

Extremely expensive

Term
PET 
Definition

Looks similar to MRI machine

Kind of like FMRI without the structure of the brain

Just shows the scan of the brains glucose level of the brain

There is a bit of a delay which is the downside

Less expensive than an MRI

Term
DTI
Definition

Fancy MRI

Looks specifically between connections in the brain

Newer development

Term
Pituitary
Definition

Master Gland

Releases hormones to glands

 

Term
Thyroid
Definition

Energy levels

Metabolism

Term
Adrenal Gland
Definition

Adrenaline

Fight or flight

REaleases hormones involved in stress response and emotions

Term
Pancreas
Definition

Regulates sugar level

Releases insulin

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