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Psychology Section 2 Terms
vocab terms for section 2
31
Psychology
11th Grade
10/11/2010

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Term
Hypothesis
Definition
a prediction or assumption about behavior that is tested through scientific research
Term
Construct
Definition
build, make, create, come up with
Term
Replicated
Definition
a repeated research study, usually with different participants and in different situations, to confirm the results of the original study
Term
Survey
Definition
a research technique for acquiring data about the attitudes or behaviors of a group of people, usually by asking them questions of a representative, random sample
Term
Target population
Definition
the total group to be studied or described and from whom samples may be drawn
Term
Sample
Definition
a representative segment of a target population
Term
Random sample
Definition
a survey population, selected by chance, which fairly represents the general population
Term
Stratified sample
Definition
a sample drawn in such a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the general population
Term
Bias
Definition
influence in an unfair way, favor one more than another
Term
Volunteer bias
Definition
the concept that people who volunteer to participate in research studies often differ from those who do not volunteer
Term
Case study
Definition
an in-depth study of a single person or group to reveal some universal principle
Term
Longitudinal method
Definition
a type of research in which the same people are studied over a long period of time
Term
Cross-sectional method
Definition
a method of research that looks at different age groups at the same time in order to understand changes that occur during the life span
Term
Naturalistic observation
Definition
the study of behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulation or control on the part of the observer
Term
Laboratory observation
Definition
the study of behavior in a controlled situation
Term
Correlation
Definition
the relationship between variables
Term
Positive correlation
Definition
a relationship between variables in which one variable increases as the other variable also increase
Term
Negative correlation
Definition
an unpleasant stimulus between two variables in which one variable increases as the other variable decreases
Term
Experiment
Definition
a controlled scientific procedure to determine whether certain variables manipulated by the researcher have an effect on other variables
Term
Variables
Definition
factors that are measured or controlled in a scientific study
Term
Independent variable
Definition
the factor that is manipulated by the researcher to determine its effect on another variable
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
in an experiment, the factor that is being measured and that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable
Term
Experimental group
Definition
in a study, the participants who receive the treatment/action
Term
Control group
Definition
in an experiment, the group that does not receive the treatment (compare data to this)
Term
Controlled experiment
Definition
an experiment that uses both a control group and an experimental group to determine whether the independent variable influences behavior and, if so, how it does.
Term
Placebo
Definition
an inert/motionless substance used in controlled experiments to test the effectiveness of another substance
Term
Single-blind study
Definition
a study in which the participants are unaware of whether they are in the control group or the experimental group
Term
Double-blind study
Definition
an experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant has received the treatment/action or the placebo
Term
Standard deviation
Definition
a measure of the distance of every score to the mean
Term
Ethics
Definition
rules and standards for proper and responsible behavior
Term
Informed consent
Definition
an agreement by an individual to participate in research after receiving information about the purpose of the study and the nature of the treatment
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