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Psychology & Life Chapter 13
Emotion, Stress, and Health
34
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
08/04/2012

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Term
emotion
Definition
A complex pattern of changes, including physiological arousal,
feelings, cognitive processes, and behavioural reactions, made in
response to a situation perceived to be personally significant.
Term
James–Lange theory of emotion
Definition
A peripheral-feedback theory of
emotion stating that an eliciting stimulus triggers a behavioural
response that sends different sensory and motor feedback to the brain
and creates the feeling of a specific emotion.
Term
Cannon–Bard theory of emotion
Definition
A theory stating that an emotional
stimulus produces two co-occurring reactions—arousal and experience
of emotion—that do not cause each other.
Term
two-factor theory of emotion
Definition
The theory that emotional experiences
arise from autonomic arousal and cognitive appraisal.
Term
cognitive appraisal theory of emotion
Definition
A theory stating that the
experience of emotion is the joint effect of physiological arousal and
cognitive appraisal, which serves to determine how an ambiguous
inner state of arousal will be labelled.
Term
positive psychology
Definition
A movement within psychology that applies research
to provide people with the knowledge and skills that allow them to
experience fulfilling lives.
Term
stress
Definition
The pattern of specific and nonspecific responses an organism
makes to stimulus events that disturb its equilibrium and tax or exceed
its ability to cope.
Term
stressor
Definition
An internal or external event or stimulus that induces stress.
Term
acute stress
Definition
A transient state of arousal with typically clear onset and
offset patterns.
Term
fight-or-flight response
Definition
A sequence of internal activities triggered when
an organism is faced with a threat; prepares the body for combat and
struggle or for running away to safety; recent evidence suggests that the
response is characteristic only of males.
Term
tend-and-befriend response
Definition
A response to stressors that is hypothesized
to be typical for females; stressors prompt females to protect their
offspring and join social groups to reduce vulnerability.
Term
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Definition
The pattern of nonspecific
adaptational physiological mechanisms that occurs in response to
continuing threat by almost any serious stressor.
Term
psychosomatic disorders
Definition
Physical disorders aggravated by or primarily
attributable to prolonged emotional stress or other psychological
causes.
Term
life-change units (LCUs)
Definition
In stress research, the measure of the stress levels
of different types of change experienced during a given period.
Term
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Definition
An anxiety disorder characterized
by the persistent re-experience of traumatic events through distressing
recollections, dreams, hallucinations, or dissociative flashbacks;
develops in response to rape, life-threatening events, severe injury, and
natural disasters.
Term
coping
Definition
The process of dealing with internal or external demands that are
perceived to be threatening or overwhelming.
Term
stress moderator variables
Definition
Variables that change the impact of a stressor
on a given type of stress reaction.
Term
anticipatory coping
Definition
Efforts made in advance of a potentially stressful
event to overcome, reduce, or tolerate the imbalance between perceived
demands and available resources.
Term
perceived control
Definition
The belief that one has the ability to make a difference
in the course or the consequences of some event or experience; often
helpful in dealing with stressors.
Term
social support
Definition
Resources, including material aid, socioemotional support,
and informational aid, provided by others to help a person cope with
stress.
Term
health psychology
Definition
The field of psychology devoted to understanding the
ways people stay healthy, the reasons they become ill, and the ways they
respond when they become ill.
Term
health
Definition
A general condition of soundness and vigour of body and mind;
not simply the absence of illness or injury.
Term
hozho
Definition
A Navajo concept referring to harmony, peace of mind, goodness,
ideal family relationships, beauty in arts and crafts, and health of body
and spirit.
Term
biopsychosocial model
Definition
A model of health and illness that suggests links
among the nervous system, the immune system, behavioural styles,
cognitive processing, and environmental domains of health.
Term
wellness
Definition
Optimal health, the ability to function fully and actively;
incorporates the physical, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, social,
and environmental domains of health.
Term
health promotion
Definition
The development and implementation of general
strategies and specific tactics to eliminate or reduce the risk that people
will become ill.
Term
AIDS
Definition
Acronym for acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a syndrome
caused by a virus that damages the immune system and weakens the
body’s ability to fight infection.
Term
HIV
Definition
Human immunodeficiency virus, a virus that attacks white blood
cells (T lymphocytes) in human blood, thereby weakening the
functioning of the immune system; HIV causes AIDS.
Term
relaxation response
Definition
A condition in which muscle tension, cortical
activity, heart rate, and blood pressure decrease and breathing slows.
Term
biofeedback
Definition
A self-regulatory technique by which an individual acquires
voluntary control over nonconscious biological processes.
Term
psychoneuroimmunology
Definition
The research area that investigates interactions
between psychological processes, such as responses to stress, and the
functions of the immune system.
Term
Type A behaviour pattern
Definition
A complex pattern of behaviours and emotions
that includes excessive emphasis on competition, aggression, impatience,
and hostility; hostility increases the risk of coronary heart disease.
Term
Type B behaviour pattern
Definition
As compared to Type A behaviour pattern, a
less competitive, less aggressive, less hostile pattern of behaviour and
emotion.
Term
job burnout
Definition
The syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization,
and reduced personal accomplishment, often experienced by workers
in high-stress jobs.
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