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PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE
Chapter 1 Words/Definitions
20
Physiology
Not Applicable
09/03/2010

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Term
Psychology
Definition

 

THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUALS AND THEIR MENTAL PROCESSES.

 

Term
Scientific Method
Definition
the set of procedures used for gathering and interpreting objective information in a way that minimizes error and yields dependable generalizations.
Term
Behavior
Definition
The actions by which an organism adjusts to its environment.
Term
Behavioral data
Definition
Observational reports about the behavior of organisms and the conditions under which the behavior occurs or changes.
Term
Introspection:
Definition
Individuals' systematic examination of their own thought and feelings
Term
structuralism
Definition
The study of the structure of the mind and behavior; the view that all human mental experience can be understood as a combination of simple elements or events.
Term
Gestalt Psychology
Definition
A school of psychology that maintains that psychological phenomena can be understood only when viewed as organized, structured wholes, not when broken down into primitive perceptual elements.
Term
Gestalt Psychology
Definition
A school of psychology that maintains that psychological phenomena can be understood only when viewed as organized, structured wholes, not when broken down into primitive perceptual elements.
Term
Functionalism:
Definition
The perspective on mind and behavior that focuses on the examination of their functions in an organisms interactions with the environment.
Term
Psychodynamic perspective:
Definition
A psychological model in which behavior is explained in terms of past experiences and motivational forces; actions are viewed as stemming from inherited instincts, biological drives, and attempts to resolve conflicts between personal needs and social requirements.
Term
Behaviorist perspective
Definition
The psychological perspective primarily concerned with observable behavior that can be objectively recorded and with the relationships of observable behavior to environmental stimuli.
Term
behaviorism
Definition
A scientific approach that limits the study of psychology to measurable or observable behavior.
Term
Cognitive perspective:
Definition
The perspective on psychology that stresses human thought and the process of knowing, such as attending, thinking,remembering,expecting,solving problems,fantasizing, and consciousness.
Term
Biological Perspective:
Definition
The approach to identifying causes of behavior that focuses on the functioning of the genes, the brain, the nervous system, and the endocrine system.
Term
humanistic perspective:
Definition
A psychological model that emphasizes an individual's phenomenal world and inherent capacity for making rational choices and developing to maximum potential
Term
Behavioral neuroscience:
Definition
A multidisciplinary field that attempts to understand the brain processes that underlie behavior.
Term
Cognitive Neuroscience:
Definition
A multidisciplinary field that attempts to understand the brain processes that underlie higher cognitive functions in humans.
Term
Evolutionary perspective:
Definition
The approach to psychology that stresses the importance of behavioral and mental adaptiveness, based on the assumption that mental capabilities evolved over millions of years to serve particular adaptive purposes.
Term
sociocultural perspective:
Definition
The psychological perspective that focuses on cross-structural differences in the causes and consequences of behavior.
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