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The initial stage in classical conditioning; the phase associating a NS with an US so that the NS comes to elicit a conditioned response.
In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response. |
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Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
Examples: amphetamine, methamphetamine
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| Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings. |
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Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.
Examples: amytal, nembutal, seconal |
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The ability of the human brain to change as a result of one's experience, that the brain is 'plastic' and 'malleable.'
Previous belief amongst scientists was that the brain does not change after the critical period of infancy. |
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| An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles. |
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| A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders. |
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| The condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment. |
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| A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span. |
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| Explains psychological traits as the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection. Argue that human behavior is generated by psychological adaptations that evolved to solve recurrent problems in human ancestral environments. |
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| Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare. Also known as declarative memory. |
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A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event.
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| A theory of mind and brainpositing that the operational principle of the brain is holistic, parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies. |
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Psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
Examples: LSD, mescaline, Peyote, Mushrooms |
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| A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage. |
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| The ability to process a face as having a whole form. People deprived of visual experience early in life will later have difficulty with holistic processing, but often can perceive differences in top/bottom half of the face images than normal viewers. |
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| A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use. |
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| Retention independent of conscious recollection. Also called procedural memory. |
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| Industrial-Organizational Psychology |
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| The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. |
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Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
Examples: morphine, heroin,codeine, ocycodone, hydrocodone |
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| Seeks to investigate the existence and causes of psychic abilities, near-death experiences, etc. using the scientific method. Simply, the study of paranormal phenomena. |
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| In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field. |
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| An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession. |
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| Among earlier list items, the first few items are recalled more frequently than the middle items. The initial items presented are most effectively stored in long-term memory because of the greater amount of processing devoted to them. |
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| People tend to begin recall with the end of the list, recalling those items best. These items are still present in working memory when recall is solicited. |
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| The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. |
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| The process of getting information out of memory storage. |
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| The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. |
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| The tendency for distributed study of practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. |
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| A lay term to describe the result when the corpus callosum connecting the two hemispheres of the brain is severed to some degree. Used as a last resort to treat intractable epilepsy. |
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| The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
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