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Psychological Disorders
Chapter 13
30
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
03/12/2013

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Term
Anxiety Disorders
Definition

1.) Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety.

  • Generalized Anxiety
  • Panic Disorders
  • Phobias
  • Obsessive-Complusive Disorder
  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
  • Understanding Anxiety Disorders
Term
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Definition

1). An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

Term
Panic Disorders
Definition

1). An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations.

 

2). Anxiety occurs more in the panic disorder, making people who have it avoid situations that cause it.

Term
Phobias
Definition

1). An anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Term
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Definition
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (complusions).
Term
Post-Trauma Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Definition

1). An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience.

 

2). Only about 10% of women and 20% of men react to traumatic situations and develop PTSD.

Term
Somatoform Disorders
Definition

1). Psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause.

 

  • Conversion Disoder
  • Hypochondriasis
Term
Conversion Disorder
Definition

1). A rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found.

Term
Hypochondriasis
Definition

1). A somatoform disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

Term
Dissociative Disorders
Definition

1). Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

 

2). Symptoms: having a sense of being unreal, being separateed from the body, watching yourself as if in a movie.

 

  • Dissociative Identity Disorder

 

Term
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Definition

1). A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Fomerly called multiple personality disorder.

Term
Mood Disorders
Definition

1). Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.

 

2). Genetic Influences: Mood disoders run in families. The rate of depression is higher in idential (50%) than fraternal twins (20%).

 

3). A theory of depression (a mood disorder) should explain the follwing: a). Behavioral and cognitive changes, b). Common causes of depression

  • Major Depressive Disorder
  • Mania
  • Bipolar Disorder
Term
Major Depressive Disorder
Definition

1). A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, lethary/fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, diminished interest in family and friends or pleasure in most activities.

 

2). Depression is considered the "common cold"; blue mood. In a year, 5.8% of men and 9.5% of women report depression worldwide.

Term
Mania
Definition

1). A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.

Term
Bipolar Disorder
Definition

1). A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lathargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. Formerly called manic-depression disorder.

 

2). Depressive Symptoms: gloomy, withdrawn, inability to make decisions, tired, slowness of thought

Manic Symptoms: elation, euphoria, desire for action hyperactive, multiple ideas

Term
Schizophrenia
Definition

1). A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriat emotions as well as actions.

2). (a) Chronic - When schizophrenia is slow to develop recovery is doubtful. Usually display negative symptoms - Toneless voice, expressionless faces, or mute and rigid bodies. The absence of appropriate behavior. (b) Acute - When schizophrenia rapidly develops recovery is better. Usually display positive symptoms - Hallucinations, talk in disorganized/deluded ways; exhibit inappropriate laughter, tears, or rage. The presence of inappropriate behavior.

3). Schizophrenic patients express higher levels of dopamine D4 receptors-Dopamine Overactivity.

Term
Personality Disorders
Definition

1). Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

 

  • Antisocial Personality Disorder
Term
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Definition

1). A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

Term
Psychological Disorders
Definition

1). Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions.

 

  • Deviant behavior in one culture may be considered normal, while in others it may lead to arrest.
  •  Deviant behavior must accompany distress.
  • If a behavior is dysfunctional it is clearly a disorder.
Term
Ancient Treatments include:
Definition
  1. Trephination
  2. Exorcism
  3. being caged like animals
  4. being beaten
  5. burned
  6. castrated
  7. mutilated
  8. transfused with animal's blood
Term
Medical Model
Definition

When physicins discovered that syphilis led to mental disorder, they started using medical models to review physical causes of disorders.

 

1).The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.

 

2). Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) from France, had insisted that madness was not due to demonic posession, but an ailment of the mind.

Term
Etiology
Definition

1). Cause and development of the disorder.

Term
Diagnosis
Definition

1). Identifying (symptoms) and distinguishing one disease from another.

Term
Treatment
Definition

1). Treating a disorder in a psychiatric hospital.

Term
Progosis
Definition

1). Forecast about the disorder.

Term
DSM-IV-TR
Definition

1). the APA's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; it's a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

  • Clinical Syndrom - Cognitive, anxiety, mood disorders (16 syndroms) present?
  • Personality Diosrder or Mental Retardation
  • General Medical Condition - Diabetes, hypertension or arthiritis, etc. also present?
  • Psychological or Environmental Problems - School or housing issues also present?
  • Global Assessment of the person's functioning?

Goals: To describe 400 disorders and determine how prevalent the disorder is.

Term
Agorphobia
Definition

1). Phobia of open places.

Term
Acrophobia
Definition

1). Phobia of heights.

Term
Claustrophobia
Definition

1). Phobia of closed spaces

Term
Hemophobia
Definition

1). Phobia of blood.

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