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Psychoanalytic Theories
Psychoanalytic Theories
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/08/2009

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Term
Conscious
Definition
anything we are aware of at any given moment-thoughts, feelings, sensations, memories
Term
Preconscious
Definition
all memories, feelings, experiences, past perceptions (long term memory)
Term
Unconscious
Definition
Motivating force of human behavior (Freud). Repressed memories, instincts, desires.
Term
ID
Definition
Unconscious system of our personality-contains life and death instincts. Operates on pleasure principle and is the source of libido.
Term
Ego
Definition
largely conscious-logical, rational, realistic. Draws energy from ID (satisfies ID). "reality principle"
Term
Superego
Definition
formed at age 5/6. Conscience/ego ideal
Term
Defense mechanisms
Definition
repression, projection, denial, rationalization, reaction formation, displacement, sublimination
Term
Oral stage
Definition
Birth to one year. Optimism, gullibility, dependency, pessimism, hostility, sarcasm, aggression
Term
Anal stage
Definition
1 to 3 years. Cleanliness, orderliness, stinginess, messiness, rebelliousness, destructiveness
Term
Phallic stage
Definition
3 to 5. Oedipus complex,homosexuality. Flirtatiousness, vanity, promiscuity, pride, chastity.
Term
Latent stage
Definition
5 years to puberty. Sex instinct is repressed.
Term
Genital stage
Definition
Puberty onwards. Those who reach this w/o fixations earlier have the ability to love/work as adults.
Term
How are Freud's ideas evaluated by modern psychologists?
Definition
Freud drew attention to the unconscious, early childhood memories and defense mechanisms. But his method defies scientific testing and there are few strict Freudians.
Term
Personal unconscious
Definition
Jung's theory-contains thoughts, perceptions, and experiences accessible to the conscious + repressed memories, wishes and impulses.
Term
Collective unconscious
Definition
Jung's theory-inaccessible, contains universal experiences of humankind throughout evolution (myths, dreams, symbols, religions)
Term
Archetype
Definition
In the collective unconscious-inherited tendencies to respond to universal situations in particular ways
Term
Alfred Adler
Definition
Theorized people develop a "style of life" at early age-coined term "inferiority complex"
Term
Karen Horney
Definition
Work centered on neurotic personality and feminine psychology
Term
What are the contributions of humanistic theorists to the study of personality?
Definition
Maslow thought personality depended on self actualization, or reaching one's fullest potential. Rodgers thought we are motivated by conditions of worth, or based our value on others views of us.
Term
What have psychologists learned about self esteem?
Definition
People's self esteem is based on their perceived strengths and weaknesses. Most people's level of self esteem is maintained through childhood to middle adulthood.
Term
Allport (traits)
Definition
cardinal: single defining trait
central: multiple related traits
Term
Cattell (traits)
Definition
surface traits: observable qualities
source traits: traits everyone has but differ in measurements
Term
Eysenck (traits)
Definition
three dimensions of personality: psychoticism, extroversion, and neuroticism
Term
What do five factor theorists consider to be the most important dimensions of personality?
Definition
Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, agreeableness
Term
What does research say about the original and stability of the five factors?
Definition
Studies show that heredity influences personality and some traits change over time
Term
How does personality differ across cultures?
Definition
Individualist cultures value seeing themselves as independent and assertive. Collective cultures value social connectedness and encourage definition through social relationships.
Term
What is the situation trait debate?
Definition
How much a particular situation can influence your personality traits
Term
How does Bandura's reciprocal determinism explain personality?
Definition
the environment, behavior, and cognitive factors and the 3 components of reciprocal determinism.
Term
What do self efficacy and locus of control contribute to personality?
Definition
Self efficacy gives people the confidence to accomplish goals. A locus of control helps them do the same. An external locus of control may lead to procrastination.
Term
How do psychologists use observations, interviews, and rating scales?
Definition
In observations psychologists count behaviors. In interviews they compare responses to those of others. Rating scales quantify behaviors occurring during observation and interviews.
Term
What is an inventory, and what are the MMPI2 and the CPI designed to reveal?
Definition
Inventory: paper and pencil test, measures personality
MMPI2: screen and diagnose psychiatric problems
CPI: assesses normal personality
Term
How do projective tests provide insight into personality, and what are some of the most commonly used projective tests?
Definition
Projective tests: inkblots, drawings or incomplete sentences. ex: Rorschach inkblot and Thematic apperception test
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