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Psychiatry
Psych 1 mid term
158
Psychology
Graduate
01/27/2010

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

  1. physiological needs
  2. safety and security
  3. love and belongingness
  4. self esteem and actualization

 

Definition
What are Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Term

  1. realism
  2. acceptance
  3. autonomy
  4. Intimacy
  5. Creativity

Definition
Those who have achieved self actualization have these 5 qualities
Term
authenticity
Definition
What can Autonomy promote?
Term

  1. anxiety
  2. mood
  3. schitzophrenia

Definition
What are the 3 main categories of psych disorders?
Term
Anxiety disorder
Definition
These disorders are characterized  by a Feeling of fear experienced on a recurring basis usually in response to a typical life situations
Term
Simple phobia
Definition
A specific phobia
Term
Social phobia
Definition
fear while being observed by others
Term
Obsessions
Definition
Recurrent unwanted thoughts or impulses usually about improbable fears
Term
Compulsions
Definition
repetitive, difficult to resist actions 
Term
PTSD
Definition
THoughts of past events produce terror
Term
Depression
Definition
Most common mood disrober with feelings of sadness and helplessness
Term
Mania
Definition

Mood disorder with restlessness, high energy, need for little sleep and often non-stop thinking;

These people are often very euphoric and happy

Term
Bipolar disorder
Definition
THis disorder may alternate between mania and depression
Term
Schitzophrenia
Definition

The following are characteristics of what psych disorder

  1. disorganized thoughts
  2. inappropriate emotions
  3. delusions (firmly held false beliefs)
  4. auditory hallucinations
  5. deteriorating social and work functions

Term

  1. hallucinations
  2. Delusions
  3. Affective disturbances

Definition
What are the 3 classic symptoms of mental disorders?
Term
Delusion
Definition
A disorder of logical thinking
Term
hallucinations
Definition
False sensory experiences (visual and auditory)
Term

Inappropriately strong/absent emotional response

Definition
What is Affective disturbance?
Term
Personality disorder
Definition
Inflexible pattern of inner experience and outward behavior which deviates markedly from ones culture
Term
Antisocial personality
Definition
Personality disorder that shows a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of other peoples rights
Term
Rorschach Test: Ink Blot Test
Definition
Psychoanalysis test that uncovers things that you have repressed (from inner core)
Term
Thematic Appreciation Test
Definition
Test that evaluates a persons attitudes, emotional responses, and observational capacity using ambiguous material
Term
Axis 1
Definition
What axis involves mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders, substance-related disorders
Term
Axis 2
Definition
What axis involves personality disorders and mental retardation
Term
Axis III
Definition

What axis involves general medical conditions

(closed head trauma)

Term
Axis IV
Definition
What axis involves problems with pyschosocial functioning and environemnt
Term
Axis V
Definition
What axis involves a global assessment of functioning to assess current level of functioning
Term

  1. Associations
  2. Affect
  3. Autism
  4. Ambivalence

Definition
What are the four A's associated with Schizophrenia coined in the earlier years
Term
Flooding
Definition
Type of behavior therapy that exposes the pt to vast amounts of feared stimulus
Term
Behavioral Modification
Definition
Type of behavior therapy that observes a pts behaviors, antecedents, and consequences and formulates an intervention
Term
Systematic Desensitization
Definition
Type of behavioral therapy that teaches the pt relaxation skills in order to control their fear and anxiety response
Term
Psychosis
Definition
A break from reality
Term
Psychosis
Definition
Manifested by the formation and content of thoughts
Term
Sx
Definition
Is Psychosis an illness or a sx?
Term

 

  1. hallucinations
  2. delusions
  3. thought disorder

 

Definition
What are 3 sx involved with psychosis?
Term

  1. delusions
  2. hallucinations
  3. behavioral dyscontrol
  4. thought disorder

Definition
What are the 4 positive sx of Schizophrenia?
Term

  1. affective flattening
  2. Alogia
  3. Avolition
  4. Anhendona
  5. Attentional impairment

Definition
What are the 5 negative sx of schizophrenia?
Term
Affective Flattening
Definition
Negative sx of schizophrenia characterized by no response
Term
Alogia
Definition

Negative sx of schizophrenia characterized by lack of speech

Term
Avolition
Definition

Negative sx of schizophrenia characterized by loss of initiation/motivation

Term
Anhendona
Definition

Negative sx of schizophrenia characterized by loss of ability to express emotions

Term
Attentional Impairment
Definition

Negative sx of schizophrenia characterized by no eye contact; non-listeners

Term
Bipolar 1
Definition

What type of bipolar disorder is characterized by:

  • alternation of full manic and depressive episodes
  • avg onset 18 yo
  • high risk for suicide

Term
Bipolar 2
Definition

What type of bipolar disorder is characterized by:

 

  • alternation of major depression with hypomania
  • avg onset 22 yo

 

Term

Schizophrenia

Definition

 

DMS criteria of what disorder?
  • Two or more psychotic sx for 1 mo
  • impairment in social or occupational functioning
  • not due to medical, neurological, or substance induced dis

 

Term
OCD
Definition
A preoccupation with specific ideas or thoughts and unable to resist repeated behaviors
Term
before adulthood and more common in women
Definition
When does OCD begin and who is it more prevalent in?
Term

Exposure and response prevention therapy

and

serotonin related drugs

Definition
What are 2 therapies that are helpful in OCD?
Term
Cluster A
Definition
This cluster appears odd and eccentric
Term
Cluster B
Definition
This cluster appears dramatic
Term
Cluster C
Definition
This cluster appears anxious and fearful
Term
Cluster A
Definition

The following disorders belong in what cluser

  • paranoid
  • schizoid
  • schitzotypal

Term
Paranoid
Definition
Distressful and suspicious of others
Term
Schizoid
Definition
Detached from social relationships
Term
Schizotypal
Definition
Discomfort with close relationships but will still venture into relationships; eccentric behavior
Term
Cluster B
Definition

The following disorders are classified under what cluster

  • antisocial
  • borderline
  • histrionic
  • Narsisistic

Term
Antisocial
Definition
Disregard for other peoples rights
Term
Borderline
Definition
Instability of relationships, self image, or control over immpulses
Term
Histrionic
Definition
Excessive emotionality and attention seeking 
Term
Narcissistic
Definition
Need for admiration; lack of empathy; ego
Term
Cluster C
Definition

The following disorders fall under what cluster:

  • Avoidant
  • Dependent
  • OCD

Term
Avoidant
Definition
Social inhibition and feelings of inadequacy
Term
Dependent
Definition
Excessive need to be taken care of; clingy
Term
OCD
Definition
Preoccupied with orderliness and perfection
Term
Neologism
Definition
A new word, meaning, or usage
Term
Tangentiality
Definition
Responding to questions in an irrelevant manner
Term
Derailment (loosening of associations)
Definition
Shifting from one topic to another (word salad)
Term

Making up new words

Definition
Private Word Usage:
Term
Perseveration
Definition
Repetition of a word
Term
Nonsequitors
Definition
Thought disorder that just doesn't connect
Term
Thought broadcasting
Definition
Delusion that one is capable of putting thoughts into others minds, or that other's can perceive them
Term
Thought insertion
Definition
Delusion that thoughts are being inserted into one's mind by someone else
Term
Grandiosity
Definition
Larger than life feelings of superiority; sent here for a special mission
Term
Somatic delusions
Definition
Delusion that something is physically wrong with the individual
Term
Jealousy delusions
Definition
Irrational delusions that an individual's significant other has been unfaithful
Term
Alzheimer's Dz
Definition
Involves a loss of nerve cells within the brain due to amyloid plaque formation and neurofibrillary tangles
Term
Alzheimer's Dz
Definition
This dz involves a reduced activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and subsequent atrophy of the brain
Term
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Definition
Antipsychotics meds started in the 1950's with what drug?
Term
only positive symptoms
Definition
What type of sx did the older drug Chlorpromazine treat?
Term
Dopamine receptor antagonists
Definition
What type of drug is Chlorpromazine?
Term
positive sx
Definition
Typical (older) antipsychotics treated what type of sx?
Term
both positive and negative
Definition
What type of sx do newer atypical antipsychotics treat?
Term

  • Riserpirdone
  • Olanzapine
  • Quetiapine
  • Clozapine
  • Aripiprazole
  • Zipraasidone

Definition
What are the 6 antipsychotic drugs we mentioned in class?
Term
Immediate 
Definition

The following are what type of neuroleptic SE:

  • Parkinsonian
  • Acute dystonia
  • Acute akathasia

Term
Tardive Dyskinesia
Definition
A delayed neuroleptic side effect characterized by involuntary movements of the face, tongue, lips, trunk and extremities.
Term
Neuroleptic Malignant Sydrome
Definition
An emergent neuroleptic side effect characterized by hypothermia, rigidity and autonomic instability
Term
cerebral cortex and hippocampus
Definition
Alzheimer's dz involves a progressive deterioration of the _______ and ________ leading to difficulty in concentration and memory loss.
Term
50%
Definition
What % of old age dementia does Alzheimer's represent?
Term
Women
Definition
Is Alzheimer's more common in men or women?
Term
Cortical dementia
Definition
What kind of dementia is Alzheimer's categorized as?
Term
 DSM-IV criteria for Alzheimer's?
Definition

 

  • multiple cognitive deficits that develop gradually and steadily
  • sx more pronounced at thes end of the day

Term
Delirium
Definition

A clouded (disturbed) state of consciousness involving

 

  • acute onset, fluctuating, reversible disturbance
  • difficulty in concentration
  • disruption of the sleep-waking cycle
  • incoherent speech
  • memory impairment for recent events, perceptual disturbances
  • mood/activity swings
  • disorganized thoughts.

 

 

Term
40%
Definition
What is the mortality rate of delirium?
Term
hospitalized elderly
Definition
Delirium is most common in what type of pt?
Term
problematic, persistent, and pervasive
Definition
Not a personality disorder unless the behavior is _______, _________, and ________.
Term
Problematic
Definition
A personality behavior that is defined as causing a significant amount of distress or problems for self and other; may be difficulties in work, social, life, work or law
Term
Persistent
Definition
A personality behavior that is defined as being stable and long-standing; present since early a childhood or adolescence and continues to adulthood
Term
Pervasive
Definition
A behavior of personality disorders that is defined as a pattern that is inflexible; present in a broad range of personal or social situaitons
Term
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Definition

Personality disorder that is categorized by

  • discontent when not the center of attention
  • inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative
  • exaggerated expressions
  • easily influenced by others and circumstances

Term
Antisocial Personality disorder
Definition

Personality disorder characterized by

  • unlawful behavior
  • deceitfulness
  • impulsiveness
  • recklessness
  • lack of remorse

Term
18 ; 15
Definition
To be diagnosed as having an Antisocial Personality Disorder, the individual has to be atleast ____ yo with a hx of conduct disorder before ____ yo
Term
Narcissistic Personality Disorder 
Definition

Personality disorder characterized by

 

  • grandiose sense of self importance
  • preoccupations with fantasies of success, wealth, power
  • belief of being unique, but only understood  by other unique people
  • requires excessive admiration
  • sense of entitlement
  • lack of empathy
  • envious of others, arrogant behavior

 

Term
Borderline Personality Disorder
Definition

Personality Disorder Characterized by

  • unstable, intense relationships; extremes of idealization and devaluation
  • unstable self image
  • self-damaging impulsivity
  • recurrent suicidal threats
  • difficulty controlling anger

Term
Borderline Personality Disorder
Definition
What is one of the most difficult disorders to treat and yet the one of the most common personality disorder seen by adult mental health services
Term
Borderline Personality Disorder
Definition
When dealing with this personality disorder treatment compliance is low and the clinician often becomes demoralized: "nothing seems to wok"
Term

 

  • Aphasia
  • apraxia
  • agnosia
  • difficulty planning, organizing,, or abstracting info; loss of executive function

 

Definition
What are examples of cognitive deficits?
Term
Aphasia
Definition
Difficulty with language
Term
Apraxia
Definition
Impaired motor function
Term
Agnosia
Definition
Failure to recognize objects
Term
slow during the early and late stages but rapid during the middle stages
Definition
Describe the development of Alzheimer's Dz
Term
8 years
Definition
What is the average survival time of Alzheimer's 
Term
60-70's
Definition
Usual onset of Alzheimer's Dz
Term
poorly educated persons and women
Definition
Prevalence of Alzheimer's is greater in who
Term

  • beta amyloid plaques
  • neurofibrillary tangles
  • loss of ACh 
  • loss of glutamate

Definition
What pathological changes are seen in Alzheimer's 
Term
ACh and glutamate
Definition
What two neurotransmitters are lost in Alzheimer's
Term
inhibits glutamate neurotransmitter system
Definition
What is the MOA of Memantine
Term

  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors: (Aricept, Exelon, Reminyl)
and
  • Memantine

Definition

What medications improve sx of Alzheimer's

Term

 

  • Cholinesterase inhibitors (Aricpet, Exelon, Reminyl)
  • Antioxidants (Vitamin E)
  • Anti-inflammatory drugs (Viox)

 

Definition
What medications delay the onset of Alzhemier's
Term

Dementia Pugilistica
Definition
Dementia common among boxers
Term
trauma: concussion or contussion
Definition
What is a possible etiology of AD?
Term
Dysthymic Disorder
Definition

Symptoms of this disorder include:

 

  • depressed or irritable mood
  • Prescience of 2 of the following

  1. appetite disturbance
  2. sleep disturbance
  3. fatigue
  4. poor concentration
  5. hoplessness

 

Term

2 years in adults

1 year in kids and adolescence

Definition
To be diagnosed with Dysthymic Disorder how long must symptoms present for? In adults? adolescence and children?
Term
No, but cyclothymia does
Definition
Does Dysthymic Disorder present with manic or hypomanic episodes? or a Major Depressive Episodes within the first 2 years?
Term
Yes
Definition
Does Cyclothymia present with manic or hypomanic episodes? or depressive sx?
Term
presence of numerous hypomanic episodes and numerous periods with depressed mood or loss of interest
Definition
To be diagnosed with Cylcothymia what sx must be present for 2 years?
Term
Cyclothymia
Definition
This disorder, within a 2 year period (1 year kids), is never without hypomanic or depressive sx for more than two months at a time
Term
No
Definition
Does Cyclothymia present with evidence of MDD or Manic episode during the first two years of disturbance?
Term
one day to one month
Definition
How long does a brief psychotic disorder last?
Term

positive sx

(hallucinations, delusions, disorganization)

Definition
Does a brief psychotic disorder present with positive or negative sx of schizophrenia?
Term
Both
Definition
Does Schizophreniform present with positive or negative sx?
Term
longer than 1 month and less than 6 months
Definition
 Schizophreniform lasts longer than _____ but less than _______
Term
Schizoaffective Disorder
Definition
This disorder meets criteria for major depressive or manic episode and psychotic sx of schizophrenia
Term
Schizoaffective Disorder
Definition
This disorder presents with 2 weeks of psychotic sx in absence of mood sx.
Term
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Definition
Excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for atleast 6 mo about a number of events or activities (school, work)
Term
Agoraphobia
Definition
Fear of leaving home
Term
Exposure therapy
Definition
Treatment of choice in phobic disroders
Term
females
Definition
Are phobias more common in females or males?
Term
Specific (simple) phobia
Definition
Involves anxiety provoked by exposure to a specifically feared object or situation (flying, snakes, etc), often leading to avoidance of behavior
Term

  • electrolytes
  • glucose
  • liver, thyroid, kidney function
  • Vit B12, folate
  • CBC
  • ESR
  • VDLR, HIV

Definition
Name the 11 blood tests ordered for a dementia pt
Term
PET, SPECT, EEG
Definition
How do we assess functional brain activity?
Term
CT and MRI
Definition
What are two anatomical brain scans ordered for a dementia pt
Term
detects elevated Tau and decreased amyloid
Definition
What does analysis of CSF detect in a dementia pt?
Term
Chromosome 19
Definition
What chromosome contains a gene allele that contains the likelihood of developing Alheimer's with a 50-90% chance
Term
APOE-2, APOE-3, APOE-4
Definition
What are the three primary lipoproteins in Alzheimer's 
Term
APOE-2
Definition
What lipoprotein may play a protective role in AD?
Term
APOE-4
Definition
Which lipoprotein plays a major role in late onset AD
Term

 

  • DDx: tumor, stroke, hematoma
  • confirmation of atrophy
  • estimation of severity of atrophy
  • MRI shows little white matter changes
  • Helps family visualize the problems

 

Definition
What are some justifications for brain scan in dementia cases?
Term

 

  1. depressed mood
  2. pleasure or interest loss

 

Definition
What 2 sx must Major Depressive Disorder include almost every day for the first 2 weeks?
Term
MDD, single episode
Definition
What type of MDD has absence of hypomania or mania?
Term
MDD, recurrent
Definition
What type of MDD has 2 major depression episodes, separated by atleast a 2 month period with more or less normal function/mood?
Term
Amnesic disorder
Definition
Memory impairment not due to delirium or dementia that is physiologic or substance induced
Term
Transient
Definition
Amnesic disorder lasting less than 1 month
Term
Chronic
Definition
Amnesic disorder lasting more than 1 month
Term
Traveler's amnesia
Definition
This typically occurs following a nap on an airplane after taking a short acting hypnotic such as alprazolam, thiazolam, or zolpidem.
Term
Korsakoff Syndrome
Definition
Caused by a neuronal damage that results from thiamine deficiency in association with chronic alcohol abuse
Term
Personality Disorder
Definition
Enduring pattern of inner experiences and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture.
Term
Panic disorder
Definition
Periodic, discrete bouts of panic that occur abruptly and peak within 10 minutes
Term
Panic disorder
Definition
Heart palpitations, SOB, CP, choking sensation, faintness, dizziness are sx of what disorder?
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