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psychGRE - social psychology
important names in social psychology (2010)
21
Psychology
Graduate
08/16/2010

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Cards

Term
Aronson, E., Linder, D.
Definition
Proposed gain-loss principle (an evaluation that changes will have more effect than an evaluation that remains constant)
Term
Asch, S.
Definition
Studied conformity by asking subjects to compare the lengths of lines.
Term
Bem, D.
Definition
Developed self-perception theory as an alternative to cognitive dissonance theory.
Term
Clark, K., Clark, M.
Definition
Performed study on doll preferences in African-American children; the results were used in the 1954 Brown v. the Topeka Board of Education Supreme Court case.
Term
Darley, J. & Latane, B.
Definition
Proposed that there were two factors that could lead to non-helping; social influence and diffusion of responsibility.
Term
Eagly, A.
Definition
Suggested that gender differences in conformity were not due to gender per se, but to differing social roles.
Term
Festinger, L.
Definition
Developed cognitive dissonance theory; also developed social comparison theory
Term
Hall, E.
Definition
studied norms for interpersonal distance in interpersonal interactions.
Term
Heider, F.
Definition
developed balance theory to explain why attitudes change; also developed attribution theory and divided attributions into two categories: dispositional and situational.
Term
Hovland, C.
Definition
studied attitude change.
Term
Janis, I.
Definition
Developed the concept of groupthink to explain how group decision-making can sometimes go awry.
Term
Lerner, M.
Definition
proposed concept of belief in a just world
Term
Lewin, K.
Definition
Divided leadership styles into three categories: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire.
Term
McGuire, W.
Definition
studied how psychological inoculation could help people resist persuasion.
Term
Milgram, S.
Definition
studied obedience by asking subjects to administer electroshock; also proposed stimulus-overload theory to explain differences between city and country dwellers.
Term
Newcomb, T.
Definition
studied political norms.
Term
Petty, R., & Capioppo, J.
Definition
developed elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (central and peripheral routes to persuasion)
Term
Schachter, S.
Definition
studied relationship between anxiety and the need for affiliation.
Term
Sherif, M.
Definition
used autokinetic effect to study conformity; also performed Robber's Cave experiment and found that having superordinate goals increased intergroup cooperation.
Term
Zajonc, R.
Definition
studied the mere exposure effect; also resolved problems with the social facilitation effect by suggesting that the presence of others enhances the emission of dominant responses and impairs the emission of nondominant responses.
Term
Zimbardo, P.
Definition
performed prison simulation and used concept of deindividuation to explain results.
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