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psychGRE - personality & abnormal psych
2010- Kaplan study material
44
Psychology
Graduate
08/16/2010

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Term
structuralism
Definition
key person - Titchener
breaks consciousness into elements by using introspection
Term
functionalism
Definition
key people - James & Dewey
stream of consciousness; studies how mind functions to help people adapt to environment; attacked structuralism.
Term
behaviorism
Definition
key people - Watson & Skinner
psychology as objective study of behavior; attacked mentalism and the used of introspection; attacked structuralism and functionalism
Term
gestalt
Definition
Key people - Wertheimer, Kohler, & Koffka
whole is something other than the sum of its parts; attached structuralism and behaviorism.
Term
Cognitive
Definition
key person - Chomsky
behaviorism is not an adequate explanation for human behavior; humans think, believe, and are creative
Term
psychoanalysis
Definition
key people - Freud, Jung, & Adler
Behavior is a result of unconscious conflicts, repression, defense mechanics
Term
humanism
Definition
key people - Maslow, & Rogers
looks at people as wholes; humans have free will; psychologists should study mentally healthy people; not just mentally ill/maladjusted ones.
Term
Adler, A.
Definition
psychodynamic theorist best known for the concept of inferiority complex.
Term
Allport, G.
Definition
Trait theorist known for the concept of functional autonomy; also distinguished b/w idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality
Term
Bandura, A.
Definition
behaviorist theorist known for his social learning theory; did modeling experiment using punching bag ("bobo" doll)
Term
Bem, S.
Definition
suggested that masculinity and femininity were two separate dimensions; also linked with concept of androgyny.
Term
Cattell, R.
Definition
trait theorist who used factor analysis to study personality
Term
Dollard, J. & Miller, N.
Definition
behaviorist theorists who attempted to study psychoanalytic concepts w/in a behaviorist framework; also known for their work on approach-avoidance conflicts.
Term
Erikson, E.
Definition
ego psychologist whose psychosocial stages of development encompasses entire lifespan
Term
Eysenck, H.
Definition
trait theorist who proposed two main dimensions on which human personalities differ: introversion-extroversion & emotional stability-neuroticism.
Term
Freud, A.
Definition
founder of ego psychology
Term
Freud, S.
Definition
Originator of the psychodynamic approach to personality
Term
Horney K.
Definition
Psychodynamic theorist who suggested there were 3 ways to relate to others: moving toward, moving against, and moving away from.
Term
Jung, C.
Definition
Psychodymanic theorist who broke w/Freud over the concept of libido; suggested that the unconscious could be divided into the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious, with archetypes being in the collective unconscious.
Term
Kelly, G.
Definition
based personality theory on the notion of "individual as scientist"
Term
Kernberg, O.
Definition
object-relations theorist
Term
Klein, M.
Definition
object-relations theorist
Term
Lewin, K.
Definition
phenomenological personality theorist who developed field theory
Term
Mahler, M.
Definition
object-relations theorist
Term
Maslow, A.
Definition
phenomenological personality theorist known for developing a hierarchy of needs and for the concept of self-actualization.
Term
McClelland, D.
Definition
studied need for achievement (nAch)
Term
Mischel, W.
Definition
critic of trait theories of personality
Term
Rogers, C.
Definition
Phenomenological personality theorist
Term
Rotter, J.
Definition
studied locus of control
Term
Sheldon, W.
Definition
attempted to relate somatotype (body type) to personality type
Term
Skinner, B.F.
Definition
Behaviorist
Term
Winnicott, D.W.
Definition
object-relations theorist
Term
Witkin, H.
Definition
studied field-dependence and field-independence using the rod-and-frame test
Term
Beck, A.
Definition
cognitive behavior therapist known for his therapy for depression
Term
Bleuler, E.
Definition
coined the term schizophrenia
Term
Dix, D.
Definition
19th century American advoate of asylum reform
Term
Ellis, A.
Definition
cognitive behavior therapist known for his rational-emotive therapy (RET)
Term
Freud, S.
Definition
Developed psychoanalysis
Term
Kraepelin, E.
Definition
developed system in 19th century for classifying mental disorders; DSM - IV can be considered to be a descendant of this system
Term
Pinel, P.
Definition
Reformed French asylums in late 18th century
Term
Rogers, C.
Definition
developed client-centered therapy, a therapy that was based upon the concept of unconditional positive regard.
Term
Rosenhan, D.
Definition
investigated the effect of being labeled mentally ill by having pseudopatients admitted into mental hospitals
Term
Seligman, M.
Definition
formulated learned helplessness theory of depression
Term
Szasz, T.
Definition
suggested that most of the mental disorders treated by clinicians are not really mental disorders; wrote "The Myst of Mental Illness".
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