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PSYCH111 - Test 2
Psychology 111 @ Umich Test #2
38
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
03/19/2007

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Cards

Term
Elaboration
Definition
Linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding
Term
Levels-of-post-processing theory
Definition
Proposes that deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memory code
Term
Dual Encoding Theory
Definition
Holds that memory is enhanced by forming semantic and visual codes, since either can lead to recall
Term
Self referent encoding
Definition
involves deciding how or whether information is personally relevant
Term
Sensory Memory
Definition
preserves info in its original sensory form for a prief time (fraction of a second)
Term
Conceptual Hierarchy
Definition
a multilevel classification system based on common properties among items
Term
Semantic Network
Definition
nodes preresenting concepts joined together by pathways that link related concepts
Term
Connectionist or Parallel Distributed Processing Modules (PDP)
Definition
assumes that cognitive processes depend on patters of activation in highly interconnected computation networks that resemble neural networks
Term
Misinformation effect
Definition
occurs when participants recall of an event they witness is altered by introducing misleading postevent info
Term
Source monitoring
Definition
involves making attributions about the origins of memories
Term
Source monitoring error
Definition
occurs when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source
Term
Reality monitoring
Definition
refers to the process of deciding whether memories are based on external sources (actual perception) or internal sources (thoughts)
Term
Decay theory
Definition
proposes that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time
Term
Interference theory
Definition
proposes that people forget info because of competition from other material
Term
Encoding specificity principal
Definition
value of material cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory cue
Term
Transfer-appropriate processing
Definition
occurs when the initial processing of info is similar to the type of processing required by the subsequent measure of retention
Term
Declarative memory system
Definition
handles factual information
Term
Nondeclarative memory system
Definition
houses memory for actions, skills, conditinoal responses, and emotional responses
Term
Episodic memory system
Definition
made up of chronological recollections of personal experience
Term
Semantic memory system
Definition
general knowledge, not tied
Term
Prospective memory system
Definition
system to remember to do something
Term
Fast mapping
Definition
the process by which children map a word onto an underlying concept after 1 exposure
Term
Overextension
Definition
a child incorrectly uses a word to describe a wider set of objects/actions than meant to
Term
Telegraphic speach
Definition
Example -- "Give ball" or "Take home"
Term
Mean length of utterance
Definition
average length of spoken statements
Term
Overregularizations
Definition
Example -- "The girl goed home" or "I hitted the ball"
Term
Metalinguistic
Definition
Ability to reflect on the use of language
Term
Acculturation
Definition
degree to which a person is sociall integrated into a new culture
Term
Language acquisition device
Definition
innate mechanism or process that we speak because it facilitates the learning of language (i.e. we speak because we are biologically equipped for it
Term
Linguistic relativity
Definition
hypothesis that one's language determiens one's thought
Term
Functional fixedness
Definition
tendancy to percieve an item in terms of its most common use
Term
Mental Set
Definition
Always using the same strategy to solve a problem
Term
Problem space
Definition
refers to the set of possible pathways to solution
Term
field dependance-independance
Definition
Individuals tendancy to rely primarily on external vs. internal frames of reference when orienting themselves in space
Term
Conjunction falacy
Definition
Chosing girlscout instead of girl i.e. not viewing one as a part of the set of the other
Term
Gluostats
Definition
neurons sensitive to glucose
Term
Parental investment
Definition
refers to what each sex has to invest (money, time, cleaning, etc) to product & nurture offspring
Term
Galvanic Skin Response
Definition
increase in electrical conductivity of skin when sweat glands increase activity
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