Term
| Are IQ and criminality related? |
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Definition
| Yes: criminals tend to have a slightly lower IQ than the average person (92 as opposed to 100) |
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Term
| Who were Stephen Griffiths and the Yorkshire Ripper? |
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Definition
| Stephen Griffiths (the "Crossbow Cannibal") murdered three women in 2010, inspired by the Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffe, who killed 13 women by 1980 |
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Term
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Definition
| The umbrella term for the killing of one or more people |
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Term
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Definition
| The killing of three or more people by the same person(s) over an extended period of time (e.g. months or years) for personal gratification |
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Term
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Definition
| The killing of three or more people by the same person(s) during the same event and the perpetrator suffers from serious psychopathology |
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Term
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Definition
| The killing of three or more people by the same person(s) within a discrete interval of time with a definite beginning and ending. Often involves drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nick name that reflects an offender's modus operandi |
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Term
| Who coined the term “serial murder?” |
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Definition
| John Brophy in his 1966 novel "The Meaning of Murder" |
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Term
| What is a "modus operandi"? |
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Definition
| Mode of operation; a victim pattern. It is rarely random and usually does not involve a signature |
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Term
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Definition
| A mark left behind by the perpetrator, indicating that this work belonged to him or her |
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Term
| What is a personal weapon? |
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Definition
| A weapon that becomes an extension of the killer to the victim, often a knife |
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Term
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Definition
| A trick or play to maneuver someone into the killer's comfort zone |
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Term
| What was David Abrahamsen’s interpretation of Berkowitz’s use of a 44-caliber handgun? |
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Definition
| Abrahamsen considered the weapon to be personal and the killings sexual motivated, as Berkowitz saw the bullet as "penetrating" his victim |
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Term
| According to Freudian thinking, what is eros versus thanatos? |
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Definition
| The unconscious urge to live versus the unconcious urge to die, which Freud believed was the driving force behind motivation |
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Term
| What is the neo-Freudian concept of "death anxiety"? |
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Definition
| The unconscious urge to kill lest one should die |
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Term
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Definition
| A person with an anti-social personality disorder and does not experience remorse |
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Term
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Definition
| A severe form of mental disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and other indications of loss of contact with reality |
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Term
| What is the difference between delusions and hallucinations? |
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Definition
| Delusions are false beliefs, hallucinations are perceived stimuli that don't exist |
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Term
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Definition
| The cause of a disease or abnormal condition |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| How can categories of offenders be problematic in trying to understand an individual offender? |
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Definition
| You underestimate the differences between individuals in the same category and overestimate the differences between individuals in different categories |
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Term
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Definition
| A rule that makes explicit what is appropriate behavior for a given individual in a particular situation |
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Term
| What is proscribed versus prescribed behavior? |
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Definition
| Prescribed are "musts" of behavior, proscribed are "must nots" |
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Term
| What are statistical norms? |
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Definition
| Those based on the frequency something occurs in a population |
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Term
| What are informal social norms? |
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Definition
| Those based on acceptable social behavior |
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Term
| What are legal norms/laws? |
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Definition
| Those based on rules created by a political and legal process |
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Term
| What is criminalization and decriminalization of behavior? |
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Definition
| Making an act illegal or legal |
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Term
| What judge looked into the evolution of marijuana laws in this country? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| A form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position |
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Term
| What did William Woodward of the American Medical Association and a Temple University pharmacologist testify to Congress about marijuana use? |
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Definition
Woodward: No medical proof that marijuana is harmful
Temple U: Gave "active ingredient" of marijuana to 200 dogs, two died |
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Term
| What American industrialist pushed for the criminalization of marijuana use and why? |
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Definition
| William Hearst because hemp plants could threaten his paper/textile business |
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Term
| What is forensic psychology? |
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Definition
| The production and application of psychological knowledge to the civil and criminal justice systems |
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Term
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Definition
| A strategy to render offenders "criminally impotent"; to disable them from committing crimes |
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Term
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Definition
| To confine a person against their will |
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Term
| What is chronic recidivism? |
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Definition
| A repeated return to criminal activity |
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Term
| What is the percentage of chronic recidivism today? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is selective incapacitation? |
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Definition
| A classification scheme that determines which offenders should receive long, incapacitating sentences and which could receive alternative sentences |
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Term
| What are characteristics of a typical juvenile sex offender? |
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Definition
| Adolescent, male, two-parent home, attend school with average grades, and few suffer from mental disorders (according to Becker and Johnson, 2001) |
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Term
| What is instrumental versus expressive sexual aggression? |
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Definition
Instrumental: offender uses just enough coercion to gain compliance from victim
Expressive: offender's primary aim is to harm the victim physically as well as psychologically |
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Term
| What is the Jacob Wetterling Act? |
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Definition
| Act of Congress that encourages states to require convicted child molesters and sexually violent offenders to notify law enforcement of their whereabouts for 10 years after they are released |
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Term
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Definition
| Requirement that states release registration information to the public when it is necessary for public safety |
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Term
| What is Washington's Sexual Predators Act? |
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Definition
| Individuals who fit the legal definition of sexual predator are confined after their sentences are served, not for what they did in the past, but rather for what they may do in the future. (These laws aka preventive detention or preventive confinement) |
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Term
| What are the differences between forcible rape, statutory rape, and rape by fraud? |
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Definition
Forcible: carnal knowledge of a female forcibly against her will (uses force)
Statutory: carnal knowledge of a girl under the age of consent (only applies to consensual intercourse)
By fraud: having sexual relations with a consenting adult female under fraudulent conditions (e.g. a therapist sleeping with a patient) |
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Term
| Kilpatrick et al (2000) discovered that most of the rapists are ________ and not ______ |
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Definition
| Intimate partners; strangers |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of a rapist? |
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Definition
Age: Under 25
Offending history: Perpetual conflicts with society
Demographics: unemployed, never married, low recidivism for sex offenses but high for offenses in general |
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Term
| Name 4 traditional assumptions about why men rape |
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Definition
1. An irresistible impulse
2. Mental illness or disease
3. Drugs or alcohol
4. Victim seduction |
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Term
| According to the MTC, what are four rape categories? |
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Definition
1. Opportunistic
2. Pervasively angry
3. Sexual
4. Vindictive |
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Term
| What did the two presidential commissions on pornography conclude? |
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Definition
1967 commission: inconclusive
1984 commission: recommended widespread restrictions of pornographic material |
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Term
| What is the difference between mentally disordered sex offenders (MDSO) and sexually violent predators? |
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Definition
| Sexually violent predators don't require a diagnosable mental disorder, "mental abnormality" suffices. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sexual arousal to objects, situations, or individuals a normal person would not be aroused by |
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Term
| Although any multiple murderer can be motivated to kill for any number of reasons, what are the main motivations for each of the different kinds of multiple murders? |
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Definition
Serial: personal gratification
Mass: Perpetrator suffers from serious psychopathology
Spree: Often because of drugs/alcohol use |
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Term
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Definition
| Having or encouraging an excessive interest in sexual matters |
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Term
What traits are normally associated with
normal levels of testosterone? |
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Definition
| Competitiveness, dominance, and aggression |
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Term
What behaviors have been linked to abnormally high levels of circulating
testosterone? |
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Definition
| Engaging in precocious sexual behavior, precocious drug use, and particularly vicious sex crimes |
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Term
| Describe the 1978 and 1997 cases of Larry Singleton |
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Definition
1978: Cut off the arms and raped a 15 yr old girl (Mary Vincent). Was given 14 yrs but paroled after 8
1997: At 73, raped and killed a 31 yr old Florida woman. Was given death penalty but died on death row |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| If a person’s levels of serotonin in the brain are too low, what kinds of behaviors are we likely to see? |
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Definition
| Disinhibition of aggression upon provocation and there are links between children torturing animals and violence after drinking |
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Term
| The first ____ months of life are critically important |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| A German serial killer; The Vampire of Düsseldorf. He committed a series of sex crimes, assaults and murders against adults and children, using scissors, knives, and hammers. Executed by guillotine |
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Term
| What was the Sample & Brey (2003) study trying to find out and why? |
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Definition
| The recidivism rates of sex offenders. Society has an unusually negative reaction to sex offenders compared to other crimes, assuming they will repeat offend more than other criminals |
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Term
| What are some legislative trends in regards to sex offenders? |
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Definition
| Mandatory DNA collection, civil commitment, castration, registration, and community notification |
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Term
| What is an alleged "gateway" offense, leading to later sex offenses? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| In the 2003 Bureau of Justice Statistics 3 year follow studies, what were the recidivism rates for sex offenders, drunk drivers, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft? |
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Definition
Sex offenders: 5%
Burglary: 74%
Drunk Driving: 51%
Larceny: 75%
Motor Vehicle theft: 70% |
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Term
| In the Harris & Hanson 2004 15-year follow up study of sex offenders, which type of sex offender had the highest recidivism rates and how high was the rate? |
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Definition
| Pedophiles who molest boys; 35% |
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Term
| What is the difference between sex offenders and sexual predators? |
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Definition
| Sexual predators commit worse crimes for longer periods of time and are more likely to have psychopathy |
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