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| Piaget is best known for his interest in the process of ______ developement |
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| According to Piaget schemas are... |
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| People's conceptual frameworks |
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| Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called.. |
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| Olivia understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects. Olivia is clearly in Piaget's ______ stage. |
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| The egocentrisim of preschoolers was most strongly emphasized by: |
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| According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to: |
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| Belief that everyone see's things as you do. |
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| The powerful survival impulse that leads infants to seek closeness to their caregivers is called: |
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| Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to: |
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| A critical period is a phase during which: |
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| Certain have a particularly strong impact on development |
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| Which of the following is an example of imprinting? |
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| One-year-old Eunice is not overly fearful of strangers but she clearly prefers being held by her mother than by anyone else. Her behavior best illustrates: |
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| Children’s sense that their parents are trustworthy and dependable is most indicative of: |
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| Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician’s waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother’s skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of: |
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| In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants with a secure maternal attachment are most likely to: |
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| When placed in strange situations without their artificial mothers, Harlow’s infant monkeys demonstrated signs of: |
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| Which of the following factors contributes most positively to the development of secure attachment between human infants and their mothers?attachment are most likely to: |
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| Some mothers feed their infants when they show signs of hunger, whereas others fail to respond predictably to their infants’ demands for food. These different maternal feeding practices are most likely to contribute to differences in infant: |
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| Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician’s waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother’s skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of: |
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| According to Piaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to: |
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| Already at 15 months of age, Justin strongly senses that he can rely on his father to comfort and protect him. This most clearly contributes to: |
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| For several months following a sudden and unexpected divorce, Henry was excessively preoccupied with thoughts of his ex-wife. His reaction resulted from the disruption of: |
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| Two characteristics of authoritarian parents are that they demonstrate: |
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| Low levels of responsiveness, high levels of control |
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| Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be: |
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| Authoritative parents are likely to have children who: |
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| Self-Reliant, High self-esteem |
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| Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be: |
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| The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by: |
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| Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a: |
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| A child’s realization that others may have beliefs which the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of: |
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| The process of imprinting occurs during a brief developmental phase known as: |
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| Adolescence extends from: |
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| The body structures that enable reproduction are the: |
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| Primary sex characteristics |
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| The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl. |
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The ability to think logically about hypothetical situations is indicative of the ________ stage of development.
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| Piaget is to cognitive development as Kohlberg is to ________ development. |
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According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents a ________ morality.
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| Even though smoking marijuana would reduce the pain associated with her chronic medical condition, Juanita believes it would be morally wrong because it is prohibited by the laws of her state. Kohlberg would suggest that Juanita demonstrates a(n) _______ morality. |
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| According to Kohlberg, postconventional morality involves: |
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| You define what is, Self-Define, Affirmationi Ethics |
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| According to Erikson, trust is to ________ as identity is to ________. |
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| Infancy (0-1 1/2), Adloscents |
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| According to Erikson, isolation is to intimacy as role confusion is to: |
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| According to Erikson, achieving a sense of identity is the special task of the: |
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| Erikson suggested that the adolescent search for identity is followed by a developing capacity for: |
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| Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality. |
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| Compared to a century ago, menarche occurs ________ in life and adult independence begins ________ in life. |
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| Female breasts are to ________ as male testes are to ________. |
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| The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by: |
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| Adolescence is typically a time of: |
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| Deminishing parental influence, peer influence is growing |
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| According to Erikson, the central psychological challenges pertaining to adolescence, young adulthood, and middle age, respectively, are: |
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| Formation of Identity, intimacy, generativity |
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| In preconventional morality, the person: |
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| Among the hallmarks of growing up are a boy’s first ejaculation and a girl’s first menstrual period, which also is called: |
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| Adolescence is marked by the onset of: |
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| Whose stage theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about ethical dilemmas? |
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| In Erikson’s theory, individuals generally focus on developing ________ during adolescence and then ________ during young adulthood. |
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| Which of the following was not mentioned in the text as a criticism of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development? |
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| Sam, a junior in high school, regularly attends church because his family and friends think he should. Which stage of moral reasoning is Sam in? |
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| After a series of unfulfilling relationships, 30-year-old Carlos tells a friend that he doesn’t want to marry because he is afraid of losing his freedom and independence. Erikson would say that Carlos is having difficulty with the psychosocial task of: |
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| Personality is best defined as an individual’s: |
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| Characteristic of thinking, feelings & acting |
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| Which of the following techniques was Freud most likely to use in an attempt to discover the hidden conflicts underlying his patient’s symptoms? |
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| Psychoanalysis > free association, dreams, defense mechanisms |
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| Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques: |
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| According to Freud, thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are: |
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| Freud believed that our unconsciously repressed impulses express themselves in: |
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| Dreams, defense mechanisms, slips of tounge |
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| The pleasure principle is to the __________ as the reality principle is to the__________. |
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| The superego is the part of the personality that: |
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| Generates feelings of guilt |
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| According to Freud, the most important erogenous zone during earliest infancy consists of the: |
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| Psychoanalytic theory suggests that the ego disguises threatening impulses and reduces anxiety by means of: |
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| A religious leader who attempts to overcome his hidden doubts with intense expressions of spiritual certainty illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of: |
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| Projection refers to the process by which people: |
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| Carl Jung emphasized the importance of _____ in personality functioning. |
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| Tests that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics are called_____ tests. |
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| According to Maslow, the psychological need that arises after all other “D” needs have been met is the need for: |
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| Self-actualized people. As described by Maslow, are least likely to: |
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| Experience an external locus of control |
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| The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of: |
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| Carl Rogers suggested that the_____is is a central feature of personality. |
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| Maslow most clearly interjected his own personal values into his study of self-actualized individuals by: |
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| Selectively studying people with quailties he admired |
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| Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are especially likely to: |
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| Who emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development? |
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| Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience: |
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| In promoting personality growth, the person-centered perspective emphasizes all but: |
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| The school psychologist believes that having a positive self-concept is necessary before students can achieve their potential. Evidently, the school psychologist is an advocate of: |
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| Humanist Persective; Humanism |
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